From: Postpartum depression and infant feeding practices in a low income urban settlement in Nairobi-Kenya
Demographic variables | Postpartum depression | Infant weight | Breast feeding practices | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
With (NÂ =Â 26) | Without (NÂ =Â 174) | p | Underweight (NÂ =Â 69) | Normal (NÂ =Â 131) | p | Non-exclusively (NÂ =Â 54) | Exclusively (NÂ =Â 146) | p | |||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
Maternal age | |||||||||||||||
 Less than 20 years | 4 | 15.4 | 17 | 9.8 | 0.428 | 9 | 13.0 | 12 | 9.2 | 0.548 | 6 | 11.1 | 15 | 10.3 | 0.873 |
 20–25 years | 12 | 46.2 | 68 | 39.1 | 29 | 42.0 | 51 | 38.9 | 20 | 37.0 | 60 | 41.1 | |||
 25 years and up | 10 | 38.5 | 89 | 51.2 | 31 | 44.9 | 68 | 51.9 | 28 | 51.9 | 71 | 48.6 | |||
 Marital status | |||||||||||||||
 Married | 17 | 65.4 | 157 | 90.2 | 0.000 | 55 | 79.7 | 119 | 90.8 | 0.026 | 41 | 75.9 | 133 | 91.1 | 0.005 |
 Single/divorced/separated/widowed | 9 | 34.6 | 17 | 9.8 | 14 | 20.3 | 12 | 9.2 | 13 | 24.1 | 13 | 8.9 | |||
Maternal education | |||||||||||||||
 None | 2 | 7.7 | 3 | 1.7 | 0.270 | 3 | 4.4 | 2 | 1.5 | 0.529 | 2 | 3.7 | 3 | 2.1 | 0.661 |
 Primary only | 17 | 65.4 | 111 | 63.8 | 46 | 66.7 | 82 | 62.6 | 34 | 63.0 | 94 | 64.4 | |||
 Secondary only | 7 | 26.9 | 57 | 32.8 | 19 | 27.5 | 45 | 34.4 | 18 | 33.3 | 46 | 31.5 | |||
 Tertiary only | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.7 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 2.1 | |||
Occupation | |||||||||||||||
 Housewife/stay at home | 16 | 61.5 | 102 | 58.6 | 0.004 | 40 | 58.0 | 78 | 59.5 | 0.287 | 28 | 51.9 | 90 | 61.6 | 0.026 |
 Employed | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 8.6 | 3 | 4.4 | 12 | 9.2 | 3 | 5.6 | 12 | 8.2 | |||
 Has business | 4 | 15.4 | 48 | 27.6 | 18 | 26.1 | 34 | 26.0 | 14 | 25.9 | 38 | 26.0 | |||
 Other | 6 | 23.1 | 9 | 5.2 | 8 | 11.6 | 7 | 5.3 | 9 | 16.7 | 6 | 4.1 | |||
Monthly income | |||||||||||||||
 Less than 5000 Ksh | 10 | 38.5 | 27 | 15.5 | 0.015 | 13 | 18.8 | 24 | 18.3 | 0.647 | 15 | 27.8 | 22 | 15.1 | 0.111 |
 5000–10,000 Ksh | 16 | 61.5 | 141 | 81.0 | 55 | 79.7 | 102 | 77.9 | 38 | 70.4 | 119 | 81.5 | |||
 Above 10,000 Ksh | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 3.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 5 | 3.8 | 1 | 1.9 | 5 | 3.4 | |||
Living situation | |||||||||||||||
 Temporary | 15 | 57.7 | 64 | 36.8 | 0.096 | 32 | 46.4 | 47 | 35.9 | 0.228 | 27 | 50.0 | 52 | 35.6 | 0.161 |
 Semi-temporary | 11 | 42.3 | 103 | 59.2 | 36 | 52.2 | 78 | 59.5 | 26 | 48.2 | 88 | 60.3 | |||
 Permanent | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 4.0 | 1 | 1.5 | 6 | 4.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 6 | 4.1 |