An assessment of the effect of user fee policy reform on facility-based deliveries in rural Zambia

Chama-Chiliba, Chitalu Miriam; Koch, Steven Fredric

doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2316-8

BMC Research Notes

Table 2 Comparison and treatment groups before and after the removal of user fees

From: An assessment of the effect of user fee policy reform on facility-based deliveries in rural Zambia

Variable	Comparison group (N = 2118)			Treatment group (N = 1500)
Variable	Pre-reform	Post-reform	Diff (post–pre)	Pre-reform	Post-reform	Diff (post–pre)
Dependent variables
Delivery at home	0.312	0.354	0.042***	0.566	0.607	0.041**
Delivery at a public health facility	0.646	0.612	−0.034*	0.373	0.340	−0.033*
Delivery at a private health facility	0.042	0.034	−0.0081	0.061	0.053	−0.0078
Independent variables
Individual level variables
Parity
1	0.242	0.266	0.024	0.173	0.162	−0.011
2–4	0.486	0.454	−0.033	0.461	0.488	0.027
5+	0.271	0.280	0.009	0.367	0.350	−0.016
ANC utilisation
Four or more visits	0.669	0.524	−0.144***	0.674	0.564	−0.110***
Religion
Catholic	0.202	0.204	0.002	0.162	0.167	0.005
Protestant	0.786	0.787	0.000	0.822	0.815	−0.007
Other	0.011	0.009	−0.002	0.016	0.018	0.002
Household childcare burden
Number of children under five in HH	1.467	1.877	0.410***	1.580	2.045	0.466***
Woman’s employment status
Employed	0.521	0.438	−0.084***	0.554	0.467	−0.087***
Woman’s education
No education	0.075	0.080	0.005	0.143	0.162	0.018
Primary	0.502	0.564	0.062**	0.649	0.632	−0.017
Secondary and above	0.423	0.356	−0.067***	0.207	0.206	−0.001
Partner’s education
No education	0.164	0.146	−0.018	0.160	0.183	0.023*
Primary	0.318	0.383	0.066***	0.482	0.491	0.009
Secondary and above	0.518	0.470	−0.048**	0.357	0.326	−0.031*
Index for actual quality of ANC received	1.568	0.884	−0.683***	−0.591	−1.014	−0.423**
Household wealth
Poorest	0.195	0.226	0.031*	0.518	0.561	0.043**
Middle	0.150	0.179	0.029*	0.272	0.274	0.002
Rich	0.655	0.595	−0.060***	0.210	0.165	−0.045***
Duration of residence
0–4 (previous residence, rural)	0.167	0.204	0.037**	0.224	0.268	0.044***
0–4 (previous residence, urban)	0.291	0.269	−0.021	0.090	0.083	−0.007
5+	0.542	0.526	−0.016	0.686	0.649	−0.038**
Community level variables
Area type
Urban	0.655	0.599	−0.056**	0.178	0.151	−0.027*
Proportion of drugs available	0.726	0.739	0.013**	0.696	0.696	0.000
Material deprivation index	−1.633	−1.770	−0.137	0.512	0.545	0.033
Distance to nearest facility	3.775	4.374	0.600***	8.876	9.165	0.289
Density of health facilities	0.117	0.118	0.001	0.150	0.147	−0.004*
Prenatal care uptake	0.904	0.902	−0.002	0.988	0.988	0.001
TBA per 1000 of pop	0.345	0.350	0.005	0.524	0.526	0.002

Analysis variable means by treatment/control before and after the announcement of the abolition of delivery user fees in rural districts in Zambia, along with results from mean difference tests
* Significant difference at 0.05
** Significant difference at 0.01
*** Significant difference at 0.001

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ISSN: 1756-0500

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