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Table 3 Estimates of differences-in-differences user fee effects on location of birth.

From: An assessment of the effect of user fee policy reform on facility-based deliveries in rural Zambia

Variable

Home

Private

Public

Coefficient

Std. error

Coefficient

Std. error

Coefficient

Std. error

Null model: without controls

 Delivery after abolition of fees

0.114

0.138

−0.461

0.357

−0.072

0.131

 Lives in one of the 54 districts with policy reform

1.485***

0.196

0.756*

0.458

−1.356***

0.183

 DID estimator

−0.055

0.171

0.486

0.442

0.011

0.164

Model 1: with individual level controls

 Delivery after abolition of fees

−0.091

0.222

−0.537

0.540

0.216

0.206

 Lives in one of the 54 districts with policy reform

−0.053

0.198

0.872

0.701

0.000

0.204

 DID estimator

0.117

0.261

1.534**

0.660

−0.321

0.245

Model 2: with individual and community level controls

 Delivery after abolition of fees

−0.090

0.224

−0.681

0.556

0.226

0.208

 Lives in one of the 54 districts with policy reform

−0.131

0.214

0.982

0.808

0.203

0.220

 DID estimator

0.125

0.263

1.575**

0.671

−0.337

0.247

  1. * Significant difference at 0.05
  2. ** Significant difference at 0.01
  3. *** Significant difference at 0.001