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Table 3 Chi squared test for the difference in OI prevalence by gender before and after HAART

From: Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda

 

Prevalence

p value

Women (n = 16,519), n (%)

Men (n = 7848), n (%)

Before HAART (2001–2003)

 Opportunistic infection

  Oral candida

5987 (36.2)

2449 (31.2)

<0.0001

  Diarrhoea

5164 (31.3)

2295 (29.2)

<0.0001

  Geohelminths

4544 (27.5)

1912 (24.4)

<0.0001

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2769 (16.8)

1544 (19.7)

<0.0001

  Confirmed malaria

2582 (15.6)

1087 (13.9)

<0.0001

  Bacterial pneumonia

1928 (11.7)

809 (10.3)

<0.0001

  Esoph candida

1620 (9.8)

567 (7.2)

<0.0001

  Genital ulcer

1430 (8.7)

433 (5.5)

<0.0001

  Herpes zoster

1011 (6.1)

418 (5.3)

0.025

  Cryptosporidiosis

624 (3.8)

271 (3.5)

0.076

  Cryptococcosis

275 (1.7)

152 (1.9)

0.702

  Others

301 (1.8)

90 (1.1)

0.019

 Opportunistic cancer

  Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8

114 (0.7)

95 (1.2)

0.068

 

Prevalence

p value

Women (n = 38,599), n (%)

Men (n = 20,232), n (%)

Early HAART (2004–2008)

 Opportunistic infection

  Geohelminths

13,205 (34.2)

5858 (29.0)

<0.0001

  Diarrhoea

10,231 (26.5)

4812 (23.8)

<0.0001

  Oral candida

7710 (20.0)

2961 (14.6)

<0.0001

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis

3419 (16.9)

7262 (18.8)

<0.0001

  Bacterial pneumonia

1741 (8.6)

2839 (7.4)

<0.0001

  Genital ulcer

4461 (11.6)

1660 (8.2)

<0.0001

  Esoph candida

3872 (10.0)

1456 (7.2)

<0.0001

  Confirmed malaria

2482 (6.4)

1111 (5.5)

0.023

  Herpes zoster

2606 (6.8)

1152 (5.7)

0.037

  Cryptosporidiosis

1373 (3.6)

662 (3.3)

0.061

  Cryptococcosis

602 (1.6)

332 (1.6)

0.097

  Others

1260 (3.3)

539 (2.7)

0.06

 Opportunistic cancer

  Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8

347 (0.9)

330 (1.6)

0.012

 

Prevalence

p value

Women (n = 40,335), n (%)

Men (n = 22,547), n (%)

Late HAART (2009–2011)

 Opportunistic infection

  Geohelminths

9951 (24.7)

4852 (21.5)

<0.0001

  Diarrhoea

6056 (15.0)

2917 (12.9)

<0.0001

  Oral candida

3063 (7.6)

1446 (6.4)

0.029

  Bacterial pneumonia

2895 (7.2)

1453 (6.4)

0.045

  Genital ulcer

2581 (6.4)

1202 (5.3)

0.017

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2101 (5.2)

1489 (6.6)

0.024

  Confirmed malaria

1595 (4.0)

789 (3.5)

0.540

  Herpes zoster

1522 (3.8)

748 (3.3)

0.490

  Esoph candida

1163 (2.9)

594 (2.6)

0.046

  Cryptosporidiosis

464 (1.2)

231 (1.0)

0.792

  Cryptococcosis

251 (0.6)

166 (0.7)

0.09

  Others

759 (1.9)

390 (1.7)

0.102

 Opportunistic cancer

  Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8

150 (0.4)

160 (0.7)

0.015

  1. HHV8 human herpes virus 8, n number of patients