Table 4 Chi squared test for the difference in OI prevalence by age at enrolment before and after HAART
From: Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda
Prevalence | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age < 30 (n = 8070), n (%) | Age = 30–39 (n = 10,008), n (%) | Age ≥ 40 (n = 6223), n (%) | ||
Before HAART (2001–2003) | ||||
Opportunistic infection | ||||
Geohelminths | 2187 (27.1) | 2536 (25.3) | 1714 (27.5) | 0.058 |
Diarrhoea | 2422 (30.0) | 3117 (31.1) | 1907 (30.6) | 0.671 |
Oral candida | 2586 (32.0) | 3625 (36.2) | 2213 (35.6) | <0.001 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 1350 (16.7) | 1706 (17.0) | 1251 (20.1) | 0.031 |
Bacterial pneumonia | 905 (11.2) | 1113 (11.1) | 706 (11.3) | 0.139 |
Genital ulcer | 667 (8.3) | 802 (8.0) | 390 (6.3) | 0.026 |
Confirmed malaria | 1277 (15.8) | 1518 (15.2) | 863 (13.9) | 0.029 |
Esoph candida | 654 (8.1) | 945 (9.4) | 585 (9.4) | 0.126 |
Herpes zoster | 505 (6.3) | 568 (5.7) | 351 (5.6) | 0.198 |
Cryptosporidiosis | 269 (1.6) | 387 (1.7) | 238 (1.6) | 0.218 |
Cryptococcosis | 133 (1.6) | 182 (1.8 | 110 (1.8) | 0.707 |
Others | 130 (3.3) | 175 (3.9) | 99 (3.8) | 0.168 |
Opportunistic cancer | ||||
Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 57 (0.7) | 104 (1.0) | 48 (0.8) | 0.052 |
Prevalence | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age < 30 (n = 17,872), n (%) | Age = 30-39 (n = 23,395), n (%) | Age ≥ 40 (n = 16,935), n (%) | ||
Early HAART (2004–2008) | ||||
Opportunistic infection | ||||
Geohelminths | 5849 (32.7) | 7690 (32.9) | 5645 (33.3) | 0.365 |
Diarrhoea | 4323 (24.2) | 6034 (25.8) | 4555 (26.9) | 0.010 |
Oral candida | 2919 (16.3) | 4510 (19.3) | 3191 (18.8) | <0.0001 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 3073 (17.2) | 4366 (18.7) | 3150 (18.6) | 0.006 |
Bacterial pneumonia | 1277 (7.1) | 1930 (8.2) | 1331 (7.9) | 0.009 |
Genital ulcer | 1850 (10.4) | 2634 (11.3) | 1609 (9.5) | <0.0001 |
Confirmed malaria | 1230 (6.9) | 1366 (5.8) | 883 (5.2) | <0.0001 |
Esoph candida | 1342 (7.5) | 2309 (9.9) | 1648 (9.7) | <0.0001 |
Herpes zoster | 1080 (6.0) | 1554 (6.6) | 1106 (6.5) | 0.407 |
Cryptosporidiosis | 554 (2.6) | 823 (3.0) | 649 (3.6) | 0.039 |
Cryptococcosis | 236 (1.3) | 399 (1.7) | 286 (1.7) | 0.011 |
Others | 464 (3.1) | 712 (3.5) | 608 (3.8) | 0.07 |
Opportunistic cancer | ||||
Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 166 (0.9) | 290 (1.2) | 221 (1.3) | 0.009 |
Prevalence | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age < 30 (n = 21,479), n (%) | Age = 30-39 (n = 23,168), n (%) | Age ≥ 40 (n = 17,174), n (%) | ||
Late HAART (2009–2013) | ||||
Opportunistic infection | ||||
Geohelminths | 5230 (24.3) | 5489 (23.7) | 4119 (24.0) | 0.598 |
Diarrhoea | 3153 (14.7) | 3352 (14.5) | 2372 (13.8) | 0.025 |
Oral candida | 1442 (6.7) | 1748 (7.5) | 1305 (7.6) | 0.015 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 1194 (5.6) | 1423 (6.1) | 911 (5.3) | 0.008 |
Bacterial pneumonia | 1481 (6.9) | 1601 (6.9) | 1218 (7.1) | 0.673 |
Genital ulcer | 1454 (6.8) | 1479 (6.4) | 827 (4.8) | <0.0001 |
Confirmed malaria | 934 (4.3) | 896 (3.9) | 524 (3.1) | <0.0001 |
Esoph candida | 595 (2.8) | 662 (2.9) | 492 (2.9) | 0.958 |
Herpes zoster | 775 (3.6) | 856 (3.7) | 670 (3.9) | 0.069 |
Cryptosporidiosis | 228 (1.7) | 259 (1.7) | 204 (2.2) | 0.027 |
Cryptococcosis | 113 (0.5) | 178 (0.8) | 124 (0.7) | 0.010 |
Others | 362 (1.1 | 405 (1.1) | 374 (1.2) | 0.973 |
Opportunistic cancer | ||||
Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 86 (0.4) | 132 (0.6) | 91 (0.5) | 0.055 |