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Table 2 Daily population contribution of Leptospira (DPC) by cattle herds in Abdon Calderon, Manabi, Ecuador

From: Meta-analysis to estimate the load of Leptospira excreted in urine: beyond rats as important sources of transmission in low-income rural communities

Grazing area

Number of properties

Number of cattle

Quantity of Leptospira shed per m2

Total (Min–Max)

Total (Min–Max)

No grazing area

18

91(1–20)

1.96 × 1010 cell/day

0.35 to 1 ha

9

26 (2–5)

4.2 × 104 to 1.5 × 105

>1 to 5 ha

30

219 (1–40)

4.9 × 103 to 4.2 × 105

>5 to 10 ha

10

176 (2–70)

5.9 × 103 to 1.5 × 105

More than 10 ha

10

354 (12–80)

9.2 × 103 to 4 × 104