Assessment of short and long-term outcomes of diabetes patient education using the health education impact questionnaire (HeiQ)

Table 4 Changes in HeiQ constructs over time

	T1 (N = 83)		T2 (N = 76)		T3 (N = 66)		From T1 to T2			From T1 to T3
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Change, 95% CI	p value	ES	Change, 95% CI	p value	ES
Health-directed activity	2.96	0.72	3.07	0.76	3.08	0.90	0.11, −0.04 to 0.25	0.16	0.15	0.12, −0.02 to 0.25	0.08	0.16
Positive and active engagement in life	3.42	0.51	3.49	0.49	3.53	0.55	0.06, −0.03 to 0.16	0.18	0.12	0.09, −0.04 to 0.21	0.17	0.17
Emotional wellbeing	2.94	0.67	3.12	0.73	3.26	0.86	0.18, 0.04 to 0.32	0.01	0.26	0.30, 0.10 to 0.49	0.004	0.44
Self-monitoring and insight	3.23	0.47	3.45	0.37	3.36	0.59	0.25, 0.15 to 0.35	<0.001	0.52	0.10, −0.05 to 0.26	0.18	0.22
Constructive attitudes and approaches	3.51	0.47	3.71	0.35	3.71	0.44	0.20, 0.10 to 0.31	<0.001	0.43	0.20, 0.09 to 0.31	<0.001	0.43
Skill and technique acquisition	2.94	0.59	3.28	0.67	3.33	0.73	0.35, 0.19 to 0.52	<0.001	0.59	0.40, 0.20 to 0.59	<0.001	0.66
Social integration and support	3.30	0.65	3.44	0.65	3.44	0.65	0.18, 0.06 to 0.29	0.003	0.27	0.12, −0.03 to 0.26	0.11	0.18

CI confidence interval, ES effect size, M mean, N number, SD standard deviation, SRH self-reported health, T2 2 weeks, T3 12 months

ISSN: 1756-0500