Table 2 Mean changes for each participant from baseline to post-treatment and 3, 6 and 12-months follow-up
Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT) | Sham manipulation (placebo) | Control group | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII |
Headache frequency | 30 | 14 | 30 | 6 | 30 | 12 | 19 | 30 | 13 | 12 | 21 | 30 |
Headache duration | 15.4 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 6.4 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 7.3 | 1.4 | 15.1 | 15.8 |
Headache intensity | 3.7 | 9.4 | 5.5 | 7.6 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 7.9 |
Headache index | 1709 | 605 | 941 | 570 | 2354 | 284 | 1088 | 838 | 418 | 94 | 2283 | 3745 |
Post-treatment | ||||||||||||
Headache frequency | 30 (0.0) | 11 (21.4) | 12 (60.0) | 3 (100.0) | 30 (0.0) | 6 (50.0) | 22 (15.8) | 0 (100.0) | 13 (0.0) | 14 (16.7) | 20 (4.8) | 29 (3.3) |
Headache duration | 7.0 (54.5) | 10.2 (121.7) | 2.7 (52.6) | 7.8 (37.6) | 14.6 (9.8) | 4.2 (34.4) | 10.6 (0.0) | 0 (100.0) | 4.1 (43.8) | 1.0 (28.6) | 13.3 (11.9) | 15.4 (2.5) |
Headache intensity | 1.2 (67.6) | 9.6 (2.1) | 2.2 (60.0) | 4.2 (44.7) | 6.1 (3.4) | 4.8 (29.7) | 6.7 (24.1) | 0 (100.0) | 5.1 (15.9) | 4.1 (26.8) | 5.9 (18.1) | 8.6 (8.9) |
Headache index | 252 (85.3) | 1077 (78.0) | 71 (92.5) | 98 (82.8) | 2672 (13.3) | 121 (57.4) | 1562 (43.6) | 0 (100.0) | 272 (34.9) | 57 (39.4) | 1569 (31.3) | 3841 (2.6) |
3-months follow-up | ||||||||||||
Headache frequency | 30 (0.0) | 5 (64.3) | 8 (73.3) | 11 (83.3) | 30 (0.0) | 7 (41.7) | 20 (5.3) | 6 (80.0) | 17 (30.8) | 2 (83.3) | 25 (19.0) | 30 (0.0) |
Headache duration | 11.0 (28.6) | 6.2 (34.8) | 1.9 (66.7) | 12.6 (0.8) | 12.9 (3.0) | 6.8 (6.2) | 13.1 (23.6) | 4.2 (68.4) | 6.1 (16.4) | 5.3 (278.6) | 15.1 (0.0) | 15.0 (5.1) |
Headache intensity | 2.3 (37.8) | 7.5 (20.2) | 1.9 (65.4) | 6.8 (10.5) | 4.9 (16.9) | 5.4 (45.9) | 8.1 (50.0) | 1.0 (52.4) | 4.8 (9.1) | 1.0 (82.1) | 6.8 (5.6) | 8.1 (2.5) |
Headache index | 759 (55.6) | 233 (61.5) | 29 (96.9) | 942 (65.3) | 1896 (19.5) | 257 (9.5) | 2122 (95.0) | 25 (97.0) | 498 (19.1) | 11 (88.3) | 2567 (12.4) | 3645 (2.7) |
6-months follow-up | ||||||||||||
Headache frequency | 30 (0.0) | 5 (64.3) | 9 (70.0) | 13 (116.7) | 30 (0.0) | 6 (50.0) | 17 (10.5) | 8 (73.3) | 13 (0.0) | 14 (16.7) | 26 (23.8) | 30 (0.0) |
Headache duration | 11.0 (28.6) | 5.4 (17.4) | 2.3 (59.6) | 12.8 (2.4) | 9.4 (29.3) | 11.2 (75.0) | 10.8 (1.9) | 13.9 (4.5) | 3.9 (46.6) | 1.0 (28.6) | 15.8 (4.6) | 15.0 (5.1) |
Headache intensity | 1.7 (54.1) | 8.8 (6.4) | 1.4 (74.5) | 7.2 (5.3) | 3.2 (45.8) | 6.3 (70.3) | 6.9 (27.8) | 0.9 (57.1) | 4.7 (6.8) | 4.1 (26.8) | 6.9 (4.2) | 8.5 (7.6) |
Headache index | 561 (67.2) | 238 (60.7) | 29 (96.9) | 1198 (110.2) | 902 (61.7) | 423 (48.9) | 1267 (16.5) | 100 (88.1) | 238 (43.1) | 57 (39.4) | 2835 (24.2) | 3825 (2.1) |
12-months follow-up | ||||||||||||
Headache frequency | 30 (0.0) | 4 (71.4) | 4 (86.7) | 8 (33.3) | 30 (0.0) | 2 (83.3) | 19 (0.0) | 8 (73.3) | 15 (15.4) | 20 (66.7) | 28 (33.3) | 30 (0.0) |
Headache duration | 12.1 (21.4) | 5.6 (21.7) | 2.5 (56.1) | 12.5 (0.0) | 13.9 (4.5) | 7.5 (17.2) | 8.7 (17.9) | 8.6 (35.3) | 10.7 (46.6) | 1.3 (7.1) | 15.7 (4.0) | 15.0 (5.1) |
Headache intensity | 1.5 (59.5) | 9.4 (0.0) | 9.4 (70.9) | 7.9 (3.9) | 4.6 (22.0) | 4.9 (32.4) | 6.3 (16.7) | 1.1 (47.6) | 6.0 (36.4) | 4.6 (17.9) | 5.6 (22.2) | 8.1 (2.5) |
Headache index | 545 (68.1) | 211 (65.1) | 15 (98.4) | 790 (38.6) | 1918 (18.5) | 74 (73.9) | 1041 (4.3) | 76 (90.9) | 963 (130.4) | 120 (27.7) | 2462 (7.8) | 3645 (2.7) |