Table 3 Multivariate regression showing factors predicting catastrophic expenditure due to hospitalization from childbirth in India, 2014
From: Cost of hospitalization for childbirth in India: how equitable it is in the post-NRHM era?
Characteristics | Non-catastrophic expenditure, N (%) | Catastrophic expenditure, N (%) | Total, N | P value | Adjusted OR (CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place of residence | <0.001 | |||||
Rural | 5488 (76) | 1745 (24) | 7233 | 1.0 | ||
Urban | 3809 (67) | 1899 (33) | 5708 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 0.003 | |
Wealth quintiles | 0.03 | |||||
1st MPCE | 1893 (73) | 700 (27) | 2593 | 10.1 (8.3–12.2) | <0.001 | |
2nd MPCE | 2090 (72) | 796 (28) | 2886 | 4.7 (3.9–5.6) | <0.001 | |
3rd MPCE | 1993 (73) | 737 (27) | 2730 | 2.7 (2.3–3.2) | <0.001 | |
4th MPCE | 1668 (70) | 712 (30) | 2380 | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | <0.001 | |
5th MPCE | 1655 (70) | 699 (30) | 2354 | 1.0 | ||
Religion | 0.19 | |||||
Hinduism | 7162 (71) | 2872 (29) | 10,034 | 1.0 | ||
Islam | 1307 (73) | 474 (27) | 1781 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.01 | |
Christianity | 526 (73) | 191 (27) | 717 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.4 | |
Others | 302 (74) | 107 (26) | 409 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 0.02 | |
Caste | <0.001 | |||||
SC/ST | 3174 (81) | 751 (19) | 3925 | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | <0.001 | |
Other backward class | 3604 (69) | 1595 (31) | 5199 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.002 | |
General | 2519 (66) | 1298 (34) | 3817 | 1.0 | ||
Region | <0.001 | |||||
North | 2471 (79) | 673 (21) | 3144 | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 0.6 | |
South | 1643 (57) | 1250 (43) | 2893 | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | <0.001 | |
East | 2647 (74) | 932 (26) | 3579 | 3.0 (2.3–3.8) | <0.001 | |
West | 1760 (73) | 639 (27) | 2399 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 | |
Central | 778 (84) | 150 (16) | 928 | 1.0 | ||
Place of delivery | ||||||
Public | 7391(92) | 710 (8) | 8101 | <0.001 | 1.0 | |
Private | 1908 (39) | 2934 (61) | 4842 | 38.6 (33.6–44.3) | <0.001 | |