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Table 2 Comparison of behavioural exposure variables and co-morbid conditions between cases and controls

From: Risk factors for chronic periodontitis in Sri Lankan adults: a population based case–control study

Variable

Cases (694)

Controls (706)

p value

%

n  

%

Mode of tooth cleaning

 Brush

673

97.0

703

99.6

 <0.001

 Finger

21

3.0

3

0.4

 

Material used for tooth cleaning

 Toothpaste

666

96.0

698

98.9

0.001

 Other

28

4.0

8

1.1

 

Tooth cleaning frequency

 Once/day

125

18.0

105

14.9

0.11

 >Once/day

569

82.0

601

85.1

 

Smoking

 Never

432

62.2

603

85.4

 <0.001

 Former

80

11.5

45

6.4

 

 Current

182

26.2

58

8.2

 

 Lifetime exposure to smoking in pack-yearsa

0

(0–45)

0

(0–79.2)

 <0.001

Betel quid chewing

 No

583

84.0

666

94.3

 <0.001

 Current chewer

111

16.0

40

5.7

 

Alcohol consumption

 Never

299

43.1

442

62.6

 <0.001

 Ever

395

56.9

264

37.4

 

Self-reported diabetes

 No

590

85.0

658

93.2

 <0.001

 Yes

104

15.0

48

6.8

 

Self-reported hypertension

 No

562

81.0

647

91.6

 <0.001

 Yes

132

19.0

59

8.4

 

Overweight/obeseb

 No

292

42.1

266

37.7

0.09

 Yes

402

57.9

440

62.3

 

Abdominal obesityc

 Normal

318

45.8

325

46.0

0.93

 With abdominal obesity

376

54.2

381

54.0

 
  1. aMedian, (minimum and maximum) values given
  2. bOverweight/obese based on BMI > 23.0 cut-off for Asian populations
  3. cAbdominal obesity based on waist circumference ≥80 cm and ≥90 cm for adult females and males respectively for Asian populations