Table 1 Characteristics of subject and relationships between good SRH and poor SRH
From: Factors affecting the self-rated health of elderly individuals living alone: a cross-sectional study
Overall (n = 113) | Good SRH (n = 77) | Poor SRH (n = 36) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.008 (**)a | |||
Mean ± SD (median, range) | 83.3 ± 5.5 (84, 65–96) | 84.3 ± 5.0 (85, 73–96) | 81.4 ± 6.1 (82, 65–92) | |
Gender, n (%) | 1.00b | |||
Female | 97 (85.8%) | 66 (85.7%) | 31 (86.1%) | |
Male | 16 (14.2%) | 11 (14.3%) | 5 (13.9%) | |
Length of time lived alone (years) | 0.48a | |||
Mean ± SD (median, range) | 12.9 ± 11.3 (10, 1–54) | 12.4 ± 9.6 (10, 1–54) | 14.2 ± 14.4 (10, 1–50) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.12b | |||
Widow (er) | 96 (85%) | 69 (89.6%) | 27 (75.0%) | |
Divorce | 10 (8.8%) | 5 (6.5%) | 5 (13.9%) | |
Single | 7 (6.2%) | 3 (3.9%) | 4 (11.1%) | |
Certification of needed long-term care or support, n (%) | 0.10b | |||
Not certified | 58 (51.3%) | 44 (57.1%) | 14 (38.9%) | |
Support level 1 | 17 (15.0%) | 13 (16.9%) | 4 (5.4%) | |
Support level 2 | 13 (11.5%) | 6 (7.8%) | 7 (19.4%) | |
Care level 1 | 8 (7.1%) | 6 (7.8%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
Care level 2 | 12 (10.6%) | 5 (6.5%) | 7 (19.4%) | |
Care level 3 | 5 (4.4%) | 3 (3.9%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
Care level 4 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Care level 5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Chronic malady, n (%) | 0.03 (*)a | |||
Presence | 104 (92.0%) | 68 (88.3%) | 36 (100.0%) | |
Absence | 9 (8.0%) | 9 (11.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Frequency of hospital visit per 1 month | 0.000 (***)a | |||
Mean ± SD (median, range) | 4.1 ± 4.0 (2, 0–20) | 3.0 ± 2.8 (2, 0–12) | 6.5 ± 4.9 (5.5, 1–20) | |
Emotional support, n (%) | 0.000 (***)b | |||
Presence | 104 (92.0%) | 76 (98.7%) | 28 (77.8%) | |
Absence | 9 (8%) | 1 (1.3%) | 8 (22.2%) | |
Instrumental support, n (%) | 0.70b | |||
Presence | 75 (66.4%) | 52 (67.5%) | 23 (63.9%) | |
Absence | 38 (33.6%) | 25 (32.5%) | 13 (36.1%) | |
Caregivers, n (%) | 0.04 (*)b | |||
Children | 81 (77.9%) | 63 (84.0%) | 18 (62.1%) | |
Blood relatives | 14 (13.5%) | 8 (10.7%) | 6 (20.7%) | |
Neighbors | 9 (8.7%) | 4 (5.3%) | 5 (17.2%) | |
Self-rated health, n (%) | ||||
Good | 5 (4.4%) | 5 (6.5%) | ||
Fairly good | 72 (63.7%) | 72 (93.5%) | ||
Fairly poor | 32 (28.3%) | 32 (88.9%) | ||
Poor | 4 (3.5%) | 4 (11.1%) | ||