Table 4 Multivariate association of demographic and questionnaire variables with chronic kidney disease
No CKD | CKD | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N) | (%) | (N) | (%) | ||
TOTAL | 1774 | 100 | 260 | 100 | |
Age ≥ 50 | 491 | 27.7 | 152 | 58.5 | 2.0 (1.5–2.8)* |
Male | 816 | 46.0 | 113 | 43.5 | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) |
Body mass index > 23 kg/m2 | 576 | 32.5 | 108 | 41.5 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) |
Increased waist circumference | 251 | 14.1 | 72 | 27.7 | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
Hypertension on screening | 435 | 24.5 | 142 | 54.6 | 2.1 (1.5–2.9)* |
History of diabetes | 32 | 1.8 | 20 | 7.7 | 2.2 (1.1–4.2)* |
History of hypertension | 218 | 12.3 | 96 | 36.9 | 1.7 (1.2–2.5)* |
History of kidney disease | 192 | 10.8 | 33 | 12.7 | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
History of hematuria | 61 | 3.4 | 9 | 3.5 | 0.8 (0.3–1.6) |
History of nocturia | 449 | 25.3 | 103 | 39.6 | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) |
History of cardiovascular disease | 12 | 0.7 | 4 | 1.5 | 0.9 (0.2–3.0) |
History of stroke | 12 | 0.7 | 9 | 3.5 | 2.8 (1.0–7.3) |
History of CHF | 10 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.8 | 0.7 (0.1–3.2) |
History of kidney stone | 258 | 14.5 | 45 | 17.3 | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) |
History of urinary tract infection | 147 | 8.3 | 21 | 8.1 | 1.2 (0.7–1.7) |
History of smoking | 1199 | 67.6 | 181 | 69.6 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
History of drinking | 700 | 39.5 | 100 | 38.5 | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) |
History of low salt diet | 63 | 3.6 | 33 | 12.7 | 2.3 (1.4–3.8)* |
History of exercising | 477 | 26.9 | 83 | 31.9 | 0. 8 (0.9–1.1) |
Family history hypertension | 783 | 44.1 | 105 | 40.4 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) |
Family history diabetes | 184 | 10.4 | 28 | 10.8 | 0. 8 (0.5–1.3) |
Family history of kidney disease | 162 | 9.1 | 23 | 8.8 | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) |
Family history stroke | 221 | 12.5 | 45 | 17.3 | 1.7 (1.1–2.4) |