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Table 1 Physico-chemical parameters (pH, moisture, EC, TDS, colour and colour intensity) of various honey varieties

From: Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of two stingless bee honeys: a comparison with Apis mellifera honey from Nsukka, Nigeria

Honey source

Samples

Parameters

pH

Moisture (%)

EC (mS/cm)

TDS (ppm)

Colour (nm)

ABS450 (mAU,50w/v)

Apis mellifera

I

4.46 ± 0.095

11.870 ± 0.703

0.163 ± 0.0153

264.1 ± 0.59

1.986 ± 0.001

961.33 ± 0.58

II

4.22 ± 0.077

11.537 ± 0.454

0.217 ± 0.1155

282.0 ± 0.25

2.102 ± 0.001

988.33 ± 1.15

III

4.04 ± 0.124

11.817 ± 0.301

0.240 ± 0.0200

316.3 ± 0.06

2.108 ± 0.001

1006.33 ± 1.53

Mean

4.24 ± 0.20 b

11.74 ± 0.47 a

0.207 ± 0.04 a

287.46 ± 22.95 b

2.065 ± 0.06 b

985.33 ± 19.64 c

Hypotrigona sp.

I

3.85 ± 0.111

18.310 ± 0.900

0.317 ± 0.0058

399.1 ± 0.35

2.103 ± 0.001

724.33 ± 0.58

II

3.65 ± 0.036

17.053 ± 0.489

0.270 ± 0.0200

349.0 ± 0.36

1.861 ± 0.001

630.00 ± 1.73

III

3.75 ± 0.042

17.127 ± 0.239

0.323 ± 0.0493

362.0 ± 0.15

1.886 ± 0.001

682.67 ± 0.58

Mean

3.75 ± 0.11 a

17.50 ± 0.80 c

0.303 ± 0.04 b

370.01 ± 22.51 c

1.950 ± 0.12 b

679.00 ± 40.95 a

Melipona sp.

I

3.80 ± 0.027

13.507 ± 0.047

0.217 ± 0.0152

209.0 ± 0.31

1.533 ± 0.000

762.33 ± 2.31

II

4.18 ± 0.066

15.203 ± 0.186

0.240 ± 0.0100

211.7 ± 0.15

2.012 ± 0.001

792.33 ± 1.15

III

4.65 ± 0.053

12.863 ± 0.221

0.257 ± 0.0153

221.2 ± 0.15

1.632 ± 0.001

805.33 ± 0.58

Mean

4.21 ± 0.37 b

13.86 ± 1.06 b

0.238 ± 0.02 a

214.00 ± 5.55 a

1.726 ± 0.22 a

786.67 ± 19.14 b

  1. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of duplicate experiments. Means were compared by using One way ANOVA and Games-Howell Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons. In each column, mean values with different letters (superscripts “a–c”) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)
  2. EC, electrical conductivity; TDS, total dissolved solids; Colour (absorbance at 560 nm); ABS450, colour intensity. Hypotrigona sp. honey—Okotobo honey and Melipona sp. honey—Ifufu/Ihuhu honey