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Table 3 Antioxidant properties of the honeys

From: Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of two stingless bee honeys: a comparison with Apis mellifera honey from Nsukka, Nigeria

Honey source

Samples

Parameters

Total phenol contents (mgGAE/kg)

Flavonoids contents (mgCEQ/kg)

Proline contents (mg/kg)

Ascorbic acid contents (mg/kg)

AEAC contents (mg/kg)

FRAP (µM Fe(II)/100 g

Apis mellifera

I

409.73 ± 1.95

57.00 ± 0.16

338.89 ± 0.13

157.44 ± 0.49

304.51 ± 0.16

525.68 ± 0.83

II

432.07 ± 0.10

62.35 ± 1.09

339.21 ± 0.01

161.96 ± 0.05

299.22 ± 8.44

508.45 ± 17.51

III

475.68 ± 0.41

65.82 ± 0.29

481.27 ± 0.03

149.48 ± 0.28

290.67 ± 0.58

500.06 ± 0.05

Mean

439.16 ± 29.06 b

61.72 ± 3.89 b

386.46 ± 71.11 b

156.29 ± 5.48 b

298.13 ± 7.38 a

511.40 ± 14.31 b

Hypotrigona sp.

I

531.10 ± 0.05

52.52 ± 0.03

498.52 ± 0.04

169.27 ± 0.04

343.04 ± 0.89

668.53 ± 0.23

II

522.91 ± 0.10

28.19 ± 0.03

401.26 ± 0.26

153.80 ± 0.07

342.34 ± 0.29

667.24 ± 1.22

III

375.82 ± 0.25

43.41 ± 0.22

390.73 ± 0.25

162.01 ± 0.23

341.62 ± 0.92

664.87 ± 0.22

Mean

527.41 ± 3.60 c

41.37 ± 10.65 a

430.17 ± 51.45 b

161.69 ± 6.70 c

342.33 ± 0.78 b

666.88 ± 1.73 c

Melipona sp.

I

386.09 ± 0.11

82.78 ± 0.39

281.28 ± 0.06

149.69 ± 0.27

293.44 ± 0.49

439.15 ± 0.34

II

354.03 ± 0.08

83.79 ± 0.06

276.11 ± 0.03

151.62 ± 0.34

297.49 ± 3.77

424.28 ± 12.69

III

375.82 ± 0.25

92.60 ± 0.10

338.84 ± 0.07

144.31 ± 0.08

299.77 ± 1.35

417.36 ± 0.52

Mean

371.98 ± 14.18 a

86.39 ± 4.69 c

298.74 ± 3016 a

148.54 ± 3.29 a

296.99 ± 3.43 a

426.93 ± 11.55 a

  1. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of duplicate experiments. Means were compared by using One way ANOVA and Games-Howell Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons. In each column, mean values with different letters (superscripts “a–c”) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)
  2. GAE, gallic acid equivalent; CEQ, catechin equivalent; FRAP, ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay; AEAC, antioxidant equivalent—ascorbic acid assay. Hypotrigona sp. honey—Okotobo honey and Melipona sp. honey—Ifufu/Ihuhu honey