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Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants (N = 425)

From: Dyslipidaemia in a Black African diabetic population: burden, pattern and predictors

Variable

N (%)

Age in years, median (IQR)

53 (43.5–62)

Gender, n (%)

 Male

140 (33.02)

 Female

284 (66.98)

Education level, n (%)

 None

38 (8.96)

 Primary

165 (38.92)

 Secondary

141 (33.25)

 Tertiary

79 (18.63)

Occupation, n (%)

 Employed

212 (50)

 Unemployed

212 (50)

Marital status, n (%)

 Married

259 (61.08)

 Cohabiting

10 (2.36)

 Single

47 (11.08)

 Divorced

41 (9.67)

 Widow/widowed

67 (15.80)

Place of residence

 Rural

136 (32.08)

 Urban

288 (67.92)

Study site

 Government

199 (46.82)

 Private

226 (53.18)

Smoking

 Yes

10 (2.35)

 No

415 (97.65)

Known HT

 Yes

292 (68.87)

 No

132 (31.13)

HIV co-existent

 Yes

17 (4.00)

 No

408 (96.00)

FH-DM

 Yes

264 (62.26)

 No

160 (37.74)

Type of DM

 Type 1 DM

55 (13.13)

 Type 2 DM

364 (86.87)

Drug history

 Diet alone

3 (0.71)

 Metformin alone

79 (18.59)

 Met + SU

127 (29.88)

 Met + SU + TZD

16 (3.76)

 Met + incretins

8 (1.88)

 Insulin alone/+ met

188 (44.34)

 Statins

89 (20.94)

Variable

Median (IQR), N = 425

Age at diagnosis in years

47 (37–55)

Duration with DM in years

4.5 (2–10)

BMI in kg/m2

27 (23–30.6)

HbA1c (%)

9 (6.8–12.4)

LDLC in mmol/l

2.9 (2.3–3.84)

HDLC in mmol/l

1.19 (0.9–1.42)

TC in mmol/l

4.82 (4.1–5.71)

TGL in mmol/l

1.6 (1.23–2.2)

LDLC > 2.6 mmol/l

259 (60.9)

TC > 5 mmol/l

183 (43.1)

HDLC < 1 mmol/l

124 (29.2)

TGL > 1.7 mmol/l

179 (41.2)

TGL ≥ 5.7 mmol/l

5 (1.2)

Non HDLC < 3.4 mmol/l

167 (39.3)

TC/HDLC ratio < 4.5 mmol/l

235 (55.3)

All normal LDLC, TGL, TC and HDLC concentrations

5 (12)

SBP, mmHg

139 (124–155)

DBP, mmHg

80 (73–91)

  1. DM diabetes mellitus, HT hypertension, FH family history, SU sulphonylureas, Met metformin, TZD thiazolididiones, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, LDLC low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLC high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TGL triglycerides, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, IQR inter quartile range