Characteristic | ARYS (n = 512) | VIDUS (n = 833) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NMPOU first (vs. never NMPOU) | Illicit drugs first (vs. never NMPOU) | NMPOU first (vs. never NMPOU) | Illicit drugs first (vs. never NMPOU) | |||||
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age per year older | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.128 | ||||||
Male gendera | ||||||||
Caucasian ancestrya | 2.39 (1.38–4.19) | 0.002 | ||||||
Homelessa | ||||||||
High school incompletiona | ||||||||
Daily heroin usea,b,c | 3.76 (1.33–13.52) | 0.022 | 3.68 (1.37–12.79) | 0.019 | ||||
Daily stimulant usea,b,c,d | ||||||||
Binge drug usea,b,c | 2.05 (1.08–3.95) | 0.030 | 2.07 (1.12–3.90) | 0.022 | ||||
$ spent on drugs/dayb,e | ||||||||
Non-fatal overdosea,c | 1.81 (1.03–3.19) | 0.038 | 2.43 (1.42–4.19) | 0.001 | ||||
Methadone treatmenta | 2.22 (0.86–6.51) | 0.118 | 3.13 (1.32–8.68) | 0.016 | 4.43 (2.50–7.96) | < 0.001 | 3.63 (2.12–6.24) | < 0.001 |
Emergency room visita,b | ||||||||
Depression symptomsa | ||||||||
Childhood traumaa | 1.96 (1.10–3.53) | 0.023 | 1.85 (1.05–3.24) | 0.033 | ||||
Experience violencea,b | 2.42 (1.18–5.28) | 0.020 | 2.74 (1.36–5.93) | 0.007 | ||||
Incarcerationa | 1.92 (0.93–3.90) | 0.072 | 2.26 (1.11–4.50) | 0.021 | ||||
Regular employmenta,b | ||||||||
Drug dealinga,b | 1.85 (0.87–4.32) | 0.127 | 4.06 (1.72–11.31) | 0.003 | 2.68 (1.17–7.29) | 0.032 | ||
Sex worka |