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Table 1 Detection of vancomycin-resistance genes, carbapenem-resistance gene and methicillin-resistance gene and some of pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in various sewage samples using FilmArray

From: Prevalence of a carbapenem-resistance gene (KPC), vancomycin-resistance genes (van A/B) and a methicillin-resistance gene (mecA) in hospital and municipal sewage in a southwestern province of Saudi Arabia

S. no

Samples from various sewage treatment plants

Antimicrobial-resistance genes

Detected bacteria

A

Sewage from municipal sewage treatment plant, Jazan Province

van A/B

Carbapenem-resistance gene (KPC)

mecA

Gram positive-bacteria

Gram negative-bacteria

 1

Sewage from community sewage center-I

Not detected

Not detected

N/A

Enterococcus species

Escherichia coli

Streptococcus species

Klebsiella pneumoniae

 2

Sewage from community sewage center-II

Detected

Detected

Detected

Enterococcus species

Acinetobacter baumannii

Staphylococcus aureus

Enterobacter cloacae complex

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

E. coli

 

K. pneumoniae

 

Klebsiella oxytoca

 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

 3

Sewage from fish market sewage tank

N/A

Not detected

Detected

S. aureus

K. pneumoniae

Streptococcus species

P. aeruginosa

 4

Sewage from animal slaughter house sewage tank

N/A

Not detected

Detected

Staphylococcus aureus

E. cloacae complex

Streptococcus species

K. pneumoniae

B

Sewage from hospital sewage centers, Jazan Province

     

 1

Sewage from tertiary hospital sewage tank

Detected

Detected

N/A

Enterococcus species

A. baumannii

S. agalactiae (Group B)

E. cloacae complex

 

E.coli

 

K. pneumoniae

 

K. oxytoca

 

Serratia marcescens

 

P. aeruginosa

 2

Sewage from general hospital sewage tank

Detected

Not detected

N/A

Enterococcus species

A. baumannii

S. agalactiae (Group B)

E. cloacae complex

 

E.coli

 

K. pneumoniae

 

K. oxytoca

 

P. aeruginosa

  1. Van A/B (vancomycin-resistance genes); carbapenem-resistance gene (KPC); mecA (methicillin-resistance gene)
  2. N/A (not applied)—when no appropriate organism is detected regardless of the result for the antimicrobial resistance gene assay