Grass is not always greener: rodenticide exposure of a threatened species near marijuana growing operations

BMC Research Notes

Table 1 Rodenticide analysis of liver and blood from deceased northern spotted owl

Rodenticide	Observed concentration		Detection limit^a		Quantitation limit^b
Rodenticide	Liver^c (ng/g)	Blood^c (ng/ml)	Liver (ng/g)	Blood (ng/g)	Liver (ng/g)	Blood (ng/g)
Brodifacoum	33.3, 36.3, 35.7	0.54, 0.48, ND	5.80	0.45	19.30	1.48
Bromadiolone^d	ND	ND	0.59, 0.78	0.09, 0.13	1.96, 2.59	0.28, 0.42
Bromethalin^e	ND	ND	5.10	0.41	17.00	1.37
Chlorophacinone	ND	ND	13.00	0.28	42.50	0.95
Coumachlor	ND	ND	0.33	0.03	1.09	0.09
Coumatetralyl	ND	ND	8.80	0.60	29.20	1.99
Coumafuryl	ND	ND	2.40	0.23	8.11	0.76
Difenacoum	ND	ND	27.00	3.30	89.80	11.00
Difethialone	ND	ND	4.50	0.25	15.1	0.84
Diphacinone	ND	ND	8.50	1.10	28.40	3.53
Pindone^f	ND	ND	75.00	10.00	NE	NE
Warfarin	ND	ND	1.80	0.20	5.90	0.68

^aDetection limit (DL) is the lowest concentration of analyte in a sample that can be detected but not necessarily quantified as an exact concentration
^bQuantitation limit (QL) is the lowest concentration of analyte that can be quantified with suitable precision and accuracy
^cResults are either from triplicate replications or not detected (ND)
^dValues under DL and QL are for bromadiolone A and B, respectively
^eTested for the metabolite desmethyl bromethalin
^fEstimated based on previous multi-rodenticide analyses; NE = no estimate

ISSN: 1756-0500