Meta-analysis of the prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients and its association with cigarette smoking in African and Asian countries

Table 1 The descriptive summary of 15 studies on the prevalence of TB among DM patients and its associated with history of smoking in Africa and Asia with high TB burden

Author, year, country	Study region and country	DM	TB	Prevalence (%)	Quality score
Tripathy et al. 1984, India [58]	Asia	219	9	4.1	6
Swai et al. 1990, Tanzania [59]	Africa	1250	70	5.6	7
Feleke et al. 1999, Ethiopia [60]	Africa	1352	78	5.77	6
Qayyum et al. 2004, Pakistan [61]	Asia	95	9	9.47	7
Jabbar et al. 2006, Pakistan [62]	Asia	1458	173	11.8	7
Webb et al. 2009, S.Africa [47]	Africa	258	9	3.48	7
Amin et al. 2011, Pakistan [46]	Asia	100	14	14	8
Kirui et al. 2012, Kenya [63]	Africa	1376	77	5.6	7
Jali et al. 2013, India [64]	Asia	4118	111	2.69	6
Kumpatla et al. 2013, India [65]	Asia	7083	50	0.7	6
Prakash et al. 2013, India [66]	Asia	1670	47	2.8	7
Amare et al. 2013, Ethiopia [22]	Africa	225	14	6.2	8
Lin et al. 2015, Taiwan [45]	Asia	3087	12	0.38	9
Rao et al. 2015, India [67]	Asia	96	10	10.4	6
Tiroro et al. 2015, Ethiopia [23]	Africa	681	26	3.8	8

ISSN: 1756-0500