Table 2 Risk factors for diabetes in 311 HIV/AIDS patients
Risk factors for diabetes mellitus | Participants (n = 311) | Diabetes | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | 0.98 (0.47–2.02) | 0.95 | – | |||
> 45 | 114 | 13 (11.4%) | ||||
≤ 45 | 197 | 22 (11.2%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Gender | 1.36 (0.56–3.30) | 0.50 | – | |||
Male | 50 | 7 (14%) | ||||
Female | 261 | 28 (10.7%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Body mass index | 0.64 (0.31–1.29) | 0.21 | 0.95 (0.41–2.21) | 0.898 | ||
Overweight/obesity | 129 | 18 (14%) | ||||
Normal/underweight | 182 | 17 (9.3%) | 1 (Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
Central obesity | 0.44 (0.21–0.96) | 0.03 | 2.52 (1.01–6.30) | 0.048 | ||
Yes | 170 | 25 (14.7%) | ||||
No | 141 | 10 (7.1%) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
Exercise | 1.90 (0.51–7.02) | 0.33 | ||||
Adequate | 16 | 3 (18.8%) | ||||
Inadequate | 295 | 32 (10.9%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Alcohol intake | 4.22 (1.01–17.69) | 0.03 | 0.27 (0.06–1.21) | 0.086 | ||
Alcoholics | 9 | 3 (33.3%) | ||||
Non alcoholics | 302 | 32 (10.6%) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
Smoking | 0.38 | |||||
Yes | 4 | 1 (25%) | 0.37 (0.04–3.69) | |||
No | 307 | 34 (11.1%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
ART | 1.02 (0.12–8.37) | 0.99 | – | |||
Yes | 302 | 34 (11.3%) | ||||
No | 9 | 1 (11.1%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
ART duration (months) | 1.02 (0.47–2.21) | 0.97 | – | |||
Long duration | 88 | 10 (11.4%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Short duration/Nil | 223 | 25 (11.2%) | ||||
CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 0.61 | – | ||||
≤ 350 | 95 | 12 (12.6%) | 0.82 (0.39–1.73) | |||
> 350 | 216 | 23 (10.7%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Family history | 1.21 (0.52–2.82) | 0.65 | – | |||
Yes | 62 | 8 (12.9%) | ||||
No | 248 | 27 (10.9%) | 1 (Ref) |