Fig. 2
The outer membrane vesicles of pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli are able to induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and IL-4. The 72-h cellular soup collected from the Caco2 cell line was measured at a concentration of 50 μg OMV. *** indicates a significant increase in the case group compared to the control group (p value < 0.001)