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Table 2 Characteristics of family and children (5–10 years) from Encuesta de Relaciones Inter e Intrageneracionales en la Infancia (2010) by weight category (n = 844)

From: Unhealthy weight among children in Spain and the role of the home environment

 

Underweight

Normal weight

Overweight

Obesity

Significant differences between weight categories

n = 115

n = 389

n = 200

n = 140

Mean or proportion

95% CI

Mean or proportion

95% CI

Mean or proportion

95% CI

Mean or proportion

95% CI

Bio-demographics

 Boy

0.52

(0.43, 0.62)

0.42

(0.37, 0.47)

0.52

(0.45, 0.59)

0.65

(0.57, 0.73)

c, d, e, f

 Age (years)

7.56

(7.26, 7.86)

7.67

(7.51, 7.84)

7.75

(7.53, 7.97)

7.35

(7.07, 7.63)

f

 Good health

0.94

(0.90, 0.98)

0.96

(0.95, 0.98)

0.96

(0.93, 0.98)

0.93

(0.89, 0.97)

 

Parent’s BMI

 Mother

22.61

(22.12, 23.10)

23.51

(23.14, 23.89)

23.88

(23.37, 24.39)

24.51

(23.78, 25.24)

a, b, c, e

 Father

25.44

(24.93, 25.94)

26.08

(25.73, 26.42)

26.60

(26.07, 27.13)

27.23

(26.65, 27.81)

a, b, c, e

 Mother’s age at childbirth

33.46

(33.39, 35.23)

33.65

(33.18, 34.)

33.59

(32.91, 34.27)

33.99

(33.11, 34.87)

 

Household structure

 Married parents

0.87

(0.81, 0.93)

0.88

(0.85, 0.92)

0.85

(0.79, 0.90)

0.86

(0.80, 0.92)

 

 Has at least one sibling

0.72

(0.64, 0.80)

0.73

(0.69, 0.77)

0.69

(0.63, 0.75)

0.70

(0.62, 0.78)

 

 Co-resides with a grandparent

0.07

(0.02, 0.12)

0.08

(0.05, 0.10)

0.07

(0.03, 0.11)

0.13

(0.07, 0.18)

 

Family activities

 Family eats all 3 meals together

0.08

(0.03, 0.13)

0.12

(0.08, 0.15)

0.16

(0.10, 0.21)

0.16

(0.10, 0.22)

b, c

 Plays sports/does physical activity daily

0.41

(0.32, 0.50)

0.54

(0.49, 0.59)

0.47

(0.40, 0.53)

0.49

(0.40, 0.57)

a

 Daily screen time

0.18

(0.11, 0.25)

0.19

(0.15, 0.22)

0.21

(0.15, 0.27)

0.23

(0.16, 0.30)

 

Family socio-economic characteristics

 Unemployed mother

0.30

(0.21, 0.38)

0.36

(0.31, 0.41)

0.40

(0.33, 0.46)

0.41

(0.33, 0.49)

 

 Unemployed father

0.04

(0.001, 0.07)

0.11

(0.08, 0.14)

0.11

(0.06, 0.15)

0.14

(0.08, 0.20)

a, b, c

 Mother with primary or less education

0.24

(0.16, 0.32)

0.24

(0.19, 28)

0.24

(0.18, 30)

0.35

(0.27, 43)

e, f

 At least one foreign born parent

0.14

(0.08, 0.20)

0.13

(0.09, 0.16)

0.14

(0.09, 0.18)

0.17

(0.11, 0.23)

 

 Child attended daycare before age 3 years

0.59

(0.50, 0.68)

0.68

(0.63, 0.73)

0.62

(0.55, 0.68)

0.59

(0.50, 0.67)

e

 Monthly household income

  €1200 or less

0.14

(0.12, 0.17)

0.17

(0.13, 0.19)

0.18

(0.13, 0.21)

0.19

(0.15, 0.22)

 

  €1201–€2000

0.39

(0.31, 0.43)

0.30

(0.25, 0.35)

0.30

(0.26, 0.34)

0.39

(0.32, 0.42)

 

  €2001–€3000

0.28

(0.25, 0.32)

0.32

(0.30, 0.35)

0.33

(0.28, 0.37)

0.30

(0.27, 0.36)

 

  €3001 or more

0.19

(0.15, 0.25)

0.21

(0.17, 0.26)

0.19

(0.14, 0.24)

0.12

(0.09, 0.19)

 
  1. 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses
  2. Child weight status was defined using World Health Organization child growth reference standards. Underweight defined as BMI-for-age-z-score < − 2. Normal weight defined as BMI-for-age-z-score ≥ − 2 and < 1. Overweight defined as BMI-for-age-z-score ≥ 1 and ≤ 2. Obese defined as BMI-for-age-z-score defined as ≥ 2
  3. Mother and father BMI kept as continuous using self-reported height and weight to calculate BMI (kg/m2)
  4. Good health was parent’s report of child’s overall health on a scale of good, fair, or poor
  5. Daily screen time was parent reported if the child watched television or used a computer or video games daily
  6. Mother with primary or less education was defined as whether the mother had completed primary school education or less
  7. ‘a’ indicates differences between underweight and normal weight; ‘b’ denotes significant differences between underweight and overweight; ‘c’ indicates differences between underweight and obese; ‘d’ denotes significant differences between normal and overweight; ‘e’ indicates significant differences between normal and obese; ‘f’ denotes differences between overweight and obese
  8. All differences noted are significant at or below 5%
  9. Missing values not shown
  10. Data source: Encuesta de Relaciones Inter e Intrageneracionales en la Infancia (2010)