From: Unhealthy weight among children in Spain and the role of the home environment
Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight | Obesity | Significant differences between weight categories | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 115 | n = 389 | n = 200 | n = 140 | ||||||
Mean or proportion | 95% CI | Mean or proportion | 95% CI | Mean or proportion | 95% CI | Mean or proportion | 95% CI | ||
Bio-demographics | |||||||||
Boy | 0.52 | (0.43, 0.62) | 0.42 | (0.37, 0.47) | 0.52 | (0.45, 0.59) | 0.65 | (0.57, 0.73) | c, d, e, f |
Age (years) | 7.56 | (7.26, 7.86) | 7.67 | (7.51, 7.84) | 7.75 | (7.53, 7.97) | 7.35 | (7.07, 7.63) | f |
Good health | 0.94 | (0.90, 0.98) | 0.96 | (0.95, 0.98) | 0.96 | (0.93, 0.98) | 0.93 | (0.89, 0.97) | |
Parent’s BMI | |||||||||
Mother | 22.61 | (22.12, 23.10) | 23.51 | (23.14, 23.89) | 23.88 | (23.37, 24.39) | 24.51 | (23.78, 25.24) | a, b, c, e |
Father | 25.44 | (24.93, 25.94) | 26.08 | (25.73, 26.42) | 26.60 | (26.07, 27.13) | 27.23 | (26.65, 27.81) | a, b, c, e |
Mother’s age at childbirth | 33.46 | (33.39, 35.23) | 33.65 | (33.18, 34.) | 33.59 | (32.91, 34.27) | 33.99 | (33.11, 34.87) | |
Household structure | |||||||||
Married parents | 0.87 | (0.81, 0.93) | 0.88 | (0.85, 0.92) | 0.85 | (0.79, 0.90) | 0.86 | (0.80, 0.92) | |
Has at least one sibling | 0.72 | (0.64, 0.80) | 0.73 | (0.69, 0.77) | 0.69 | (0.63, 0.75) | 0.70 | (0.62, 0.78) | |
Co-resides with a grandparent | 0.07 | (0.02, 0.12) | 0.08 | (0.05, 0.10) | 0.07 | (0.03, 0.11) | 0.13 | (0.07, 0.18) | |
Family activities | |||||||||
Family eats all 3 meals together | 0.08 | (0.03, 0.13) | 0.12 | (0.08, 0.15) | 0.16 | (0.10, 0.21) | 0.16 | (0.10, 0.22) | b, c |
Plays sports/does physical activity daily | 0.41 | (0.32, 0.50) | 0.54 | (0.49, 0.59) | 0.47 | (0.40, 0.53) | 0.49 | (0.40, 0.57) | a |
Daily screen time | 0.18 | (0.11, 0.25) | 0.19 | (0.15, 0.22) | 0.21 | (0.15, 0.27) | 0.23 | (0.16, 0.30) | |
Family socio-economic characteristics | |||||||||
Unemployed mother | 0.30 | (0.21, 0.38) | 0.36 | (0.31, 0.41) | 0.40 | (0.33, 0.46) | 0.41 | (0.33, 0.49) | |
Unemployed father | 0.04 | (0.001, 0.07) | 0.11 | (0.08, 0.14) | 0.11 | (0.06, 0.15) | 0.14 | (0.08, 0.20) | a, b, c |
Mother with primary or less education | 0.24 | (0.16, 0.32) | 0.24 | (0.19, 28) | 0.24 | (0.18, 30) | 0.35 | (0.27, 43) | e, f |
At least one foreign born parent | 0.14 | (0.08, 0.20) | 0.13 | (0.09, 0.16) | 0.14 | (0.09, 0.18) | 0.17 | (0.11, 0.23) | |
Child attended daycare before age 3 years | 0.59 | (0.50, 0.68) | 0.68 | (0.63, 0.73) | 0.62 | (0.55, 0.68) | 0.59 | (0.50, 0.67) | e |
Monthly household income | |||||||||
€1200 or less | 0.14 | (0.12, 0.17) | 0.17 | (0.13, 0.19) | 0.18 | (0.13, 0.21) | 0.19 | (0.15, 0.22) | |
€1201–€2000 | 0.39 | (0.31, 0.43) | 0.30 | (0.25, 0.35) | 0.30 | (0.26, 0.34) | 0.39 | (0.32, 0.42) | |
€2001–€3000 | 0.28 | (0.25, 0.32) | 0.32 | (0.30, 0.35) | 0.33 | (0.28, 0.37) | 0.30 | (0.27, 0.36) | |
€3001 or more | 0.19 | (0.15, 0.25) | 0.21 | (0.17, 0.26) | 0.19 | (0.14, 0.24) | 0.12 | (0.09, 0.19) |