Unhealthy weight among children in Spain and the role of the home environment

BMC Research Notes

Table 3 Odds of child’s unhealthy weight relative to normal weight children (5–10 years) and the family environment: results from unordered multinomial logistic regression using the nationally representative Encuesta de Relaciones Inter e Intrageneracionales en la Infancia (2010) (n = 844)

	Underweight vs. normal weight		Overweight vs. normal weight		Obesity vs. normal weight
	OR	SD	OR	SD	OR	SD
Bio-demographics
Boy	1.72*	0.23	1.65**	0.19	2.97***	0.22
Age (years)	0.97	0.06	1.03	0.06	0.90⁺	0.07
Good health	0.97	0.26	0.94	0.45	0.62	0.47
Parent’s BMI
Mother	0.92**	0.04	1.02	0.03	1.05	0.03
Father	0.93⁺	0.04	1.04	0.03	1.08**	0.04
Mother’s age at childbirth	1.04	0.03	1.02	0.02	1.04⁺	0.03
Household structure
Married parents	0.75	0.43	0.73	0.34	0.85	0.41
Has at least one sibling	0.97	0.26	0.79	0.20	0.84	0.24
Co-resides with a grandparent	1.00	0.44	0.82	0.35	1.65	0.36
Family activities
Family eats all 3 meals together	0.72	0.40	1.37	0.27	1.41	0.39
Plays sports/does physical activity daily	0.61*	0.15	0.69*	0.19	0.73	0.22
Daily screen time	1.00	0.29	1.04	0.23	0.88	0.27
Family socio-economic characteristics
Unemployed mother	0.61*	0.27	1.11	0.24	0.85	0.25
Unemployed father	0.29*	0.57	0.88	0.35	1.55	0.36
Mother with primary or less education	1.13	0.31	0.96	0.23	1.62⁺	0.26
At least one foreign born parent	1.54	0.33	1.07	0.27	1.73⁺	0.30
Child attended daycare before age 3 years	0.60*	0.16	0.77	0.20	0.63*	0.23
Monthly household income (ref: €1200 or less)
€1201–€2000	1.19	0.37	1.00	0.29	1.53	0.34
€2001–€3000	0.61	0.41	1.07	0.31	1.27	0.38
€3001 or more	0.61	0.45	1.13	0.36	1.16	0.44

Models controlled for missing value with dummy variable adjustments
Weight status was defined using World Health Organization child growth reference standards. Underweight defined as BMI-for-age-z-score < − 2. Normal weight defined as BMI-for-age-z-score ≥ − 2 and < 1. Overweight defined as BMI-for-age-z-score ≥ 1 and ≤ 2. Obese defined as BMI-for-age-z-score defined as ≥ 2
Good health was parent’s report of child’s overall health on a scale of good, fair or poor
Daily screen time was parent reported if the child watched television or used a computer or video games daily
Mother with primary or less education was defined as whether the mother had completed primary school education or less
SD standard deviations are in parentheses
⁺ p < 0.1; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001
Data source: Encuesta de Relaciones Inter e Intrageneracionales en la Infancia (2010)

ISSN: 1756-0500