Table 2 Clinical signs and symptoms of typhoid fever and their association with blood culture positivity among adult patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia, 2016
Variable (n = 421) | Total N (%) | Culture pos N (%) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatigue | ||||||
Yes | 348 (82.7) | 17 (4.9) | 1.1 (0.37–3.46) | |||
No | 73 (17.3) | 4 (5.5) | 1 | |||
Fever | ||||||
< 5 days | 358 (85.0) | 6 (1.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
≥ 5 days | 63 (15.0) | 15 (23.8) | 18.3 (6.78–49.5)* | 18.2 (6.45–54.5) | 0.001 | |
Loss of appetite | ||||||
Yes | 273 (64.8) | 13 (4.8) | 1 | |||
No | 148 (35.2) | 8 (5.4) | 1.1 (0.46–2.82) | |||
Constipation | ||||||
Yes | 76 (18.1) | 7 (9.2) | 2.4 (0.93–6.16) | |||
No | 345 (81.9) | 14 (4.1) | 1 | |||
Diarrhea | ||||||
Yes | 120 (28.5) | 6 (5.0) | 1.0 (0.38–2.65) | |||
No | 301 (71.5) | 15 (5.0) | 1 | |||
Abdominal pain | ||||||
Yes | 65 (15.4) | 8 (12.3) | 3.7 (1.47–9.33)* | 3.9 (1.32–11.23) | 0.013 | |
No | 356 (84.6) | 13 (3.7) | 1 | |||
Cough | ||||||
Yes | 187 (44.4) | 11 (5.9) | 1.4 (0.58–3.37) | |||
No | 234 (55.6) | 10 (4.3) | 1 | |||
Skin rash | ||||||
Yes | 8 (1.9) | 3 (37.5) | 13.2 (2.92–59.4)* | 11.1 (1.61–76.2) | 0.015 | |
No | 413 (98.1) | 18 (4.4) | 1 | 1 | ||