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Table 2 Sample wise distribution of CR bacteria isolates

From: A systematic review: the current status of carbapenem resistance in East Africa

Country

Sample source

CR prevalence

Species

Refs

Kenya

Urine

Blood

Wounds

Respiratory tract specimens various other specimens

3/57 = 5% (urine)

4/57 = 7% (blood)

17/57 = 30% (wound/pus)

30/47 = 53% (respiratory)

3/57 = 5% (various other specimens)

P. aeruginosa

[22]

Kenya

Blood (190)

44/190 = 23.2%

K. pneumoniae

[24]

Kenya

Respiratory tract specimens

Bone marrow aspirate cerebrospinal fluid

Catheter tip

Axillary swab

Nasal swab

Urine

Blood

Debrided tissue samples

10/16 = 55.6% (respiratory)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

A. baumanii

[25]

Kenya

Blood (195)

25/195 = 12.8%

K. pneumoniae

[27]

Kenya

Urine (121)

1/17 = 5.9%

K. pneumoniae

[28]

Uganda

Urine

Blood

Stool

Wound/pus

Peritoneol fluid

Others

23%

27%

18%

14%

10%

8%

E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter sakazaki and Stenotrophomonas spp

[31]

Uganda

Blood (51), cerebral spinal fluid (49), Tracheal aspirates (163), Ear swabs (197), Sputum (204), Urine catheters (98) and Pus (107)

3/42 = 7.14% (wound/Pus)

3/42 = 7.14% (Sputum)

3/42 = 7.14% (Tracheal)

1/42 = 2.4% (Ear swab)

P. aeruginose

[32]

4/29 = 13.8% (Tracheal)

3/29 = 10.35% (Ear swap)

1/29 = 3.45% (Sputum)

1/29 = 3.45% (Cerebral Spinal fluid)

A. baumanii

Tanzania

Blood and pus

5/90 = 5.6% Wound/Pus

3/90 = 3.3% Blood

P. aeruginose

[34]

Tanzania

Pus (112), urine (56), blood (55), aspirate (3), and sputum (1).

22/56 = 39.29% (Urine)

20/55 = 36.36% (Blood)

37/112 = 33.04% (wound/Pus)

K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. oxytoca A. baumannii, Citrobacter

freundii, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella spp

[35]

Ethiopia

Urine (24)

Blood (9)

4/24 = 17% (urine)

0/9 = 0% (blood)

K. pneumoniae and Morganella morgani

[37]

Ethiopia

Feces (267)

5/267 = 2% (feces)

K. pneumoniae

E. coli

[38]

DRC

Urine (104)

1/104 = 0.96% (urine)

Enterobacter spp

[39]