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Table 1 Analyses of socioeconomic and health characteristics predictors for different levels of recruitment for Insight 46, with no adjustments

From: Using a birth cohort to study brain health and preclinical dementia: recruitment and participation rates in Insight 46

Variable

A. Specific life course data available

Max n = 2689

B. Willingness for London-clinic

Max n = 1322

C. Attended

Max n = 841

D. Scanned

Max n = 502

OR

P

95% CI

OR

P

95% CI

OR

P

95% CI

OR

P

95% CI

Sex

 Female

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Male

1.19

0.03

1.02, 1.38

0.92

0.48

0.74, 1.15

0.77

0.07

0.59, 1.02

0.89

0.76

0.43, 1.85

Childhood SEP

 Manual

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Non-manual

1.58

< 0.01

1.35, 1.85

1.57

< 0.01

1.26, 1.96

1.18

0.24

0.90, 1.56

2.04

0.06

0.96, 4.33

Educational attainment to age 26

 None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Up to GCE (age 16)

2.03

< 0.01

1.66, 2.48

1.55

< 0.01

1.15, 2.08

1.74

0.01

1.16, 2.61

0.85

0.80

0.25, 2.86

 A-level and above (age 16+)

3.09

< 0.01

2.55, 3.73

2.29

< 0.01

1.74, 3.02

1.76

< 0.01

1.22, 2.54

0.77

0.64

0.25, 2.33

Adult SEP

 Manual

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Non-manual

2.22

< 0.01

1.88, 2.63

1.88

< 0.01

1.45, 2.43

1.70

< 0.01

1.20, 2.42

1.08

0.87

0.40, 2.92

Childhood cognitive score

 Bottom 10%

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Middle 80%

2.84

< 0.01

2.08, 3.88

2.60

< 0.01

1.52, 4.45

1.45

0.35

0.66, 3.18

1.20

0.87

0.15, 9.56

 Top 10%

3.23

< 0.01

2.19, 4.75

3.10

< 0.01

1.67, 5.75

1.90

0.15

0.80, 4.49

1.97

0.57

0.19, 20.56

Word learning test memory score at 69 years

 Bottom 10%

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Middle 80%

1.64

< 0.01

1.24, 2.17

1.51

0.05

1.00, 2.27

1.60

0.10

0.92, 2.80

1.21

0.80

0.27, 5.41

 Top 10%

2.45

< 0.01

1.63, 3.69

1.78

0.04

1.04, 3.03

2.11

0.04

1.05, 4.23

1.49

0.67

0.23, 9.50

Mental health prevalence at age 69

 No

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Yes

0.71

0.01

0.56, 0.91

0.77

0.14

0.55, 1.09

0.42

<  0.01

0.27, 0.66

0.30

0.01

0.11, 0.78

Lifetime smoking by 69 years

 Never smoker

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Ex-smoker

0.94

0.47

0.79, 1.12

0.90

0.38

0.70, 1.14

1.00

1.00

0.74, 1.35

0.48

0.12

0.19, 1.20

 Current smoker

0.51

< 0.01

0.38, 0.68

0.54

0.01

0.34, 0.86

0.43

0.01

0.23, 0.82

0.34

0.15

0.05, 1.58

Alcohol use at age 69

 Never

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Less than once a week

1.17

0.27

0.89, 1.54

0.93

0.72

0.64, 1.37

1.32

0.27

0.81, 2.16

0.32

0.18

0.03, 1.95

 2–3× per week

1.38

0.03

1.03, 1.85

1.48

0.06

0.99, 2.21

2.16

< 0.01

1.30, 3.59

0.36

0.35

0.04, 2.96

 4+ times per week

1.37

0.03

1.03, 1.83

1.36

0.12

0.92, 2.01

1.51

0.10

0.93, 2.47

0.44

0.44

0.05, 3.58

Weight status at age 69

 Underweight or normal

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Overweight

0.70

< 0.01

0.57, 0.87

0.83

0.17

0.63, 1.08

1.59

0.01

1.14, 2.22

0.50

0.25

0.16, 1.61

 Obese

0.59

< 0.01

0.47, 0.74

0.83

0.23

0.62, 1.12

1.33

0.12

0.93, 1.92

0.22

0.01

0.07, 0.69

Type II diabetes by age 69

 No

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Yes

0.69

< 0.01

0.54, 0.88

0.95

0.79

0.65, 1.38

1.18

0.49

0.73, 1.91

0.76

0.62

0.25, 2.27

Hypertension by age 69

 No

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Yes

0.60

< 0.01

0.51, 0.71

0.83

0.11

0.66, 1.04

0.92

0.54

0.69, 1.21

1.05

0.89

0.50, 2.19

Overall disease burden by age 69

None

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 1

0.87

0.27

0.69, 1.11

1.36

0.05

1.00, 1.84

0.82

0.29

0.56, 1.19

1.09

0.86

0.42, 2.85

 2

0.81

0.12

0.62, 1.06

1.00

1.00

0.71, 1.41

0.86

0.50

0.55, 1.33

0.98

0.97

0.33, 2.91

 3+

0.67

< 0.01

0.51, 0.88

1.14

0.47

0.80, 1.63

0.59

0.02

0.38, 0.92

0.74

0.59

0.25, 2.21

Self-rated health at age 68

 Poor

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Fair

1.22

0.45

0.73, 2.02

1.43

0.38

0.64, 3.19

1.49

0.54

0.42, 5.22

0.35

0.19

0.07, 1.67

 Good

1.57

0.07

0.97, 2.54

1.64

0.20

0.77, 3.51

2.97

0.08

0.89, 9.92

0.61

0.46

0.16, 2.29

 Very good

2.49

< 0.01

1.54, 4.04

2.11

0.05

0.99, 4.47

4.39

0.02

1.33, 14.54

0.80

0.74

0.22, 2.88

 Excellent

2.34

< 0.01

1.37, 4.00

2.98

0.01

1.31, 6.79

4.18

0.03

1.20, 14.55

1.00

 -

1.00, 1.00

APOE status

 No e4

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 e4 heterozygous

0.87

0.19

0.72, 1.07

0.99

0.96

0.75, 1.31

0.98

0.93

0.69, 1.41

1.16

0.76

0.45, 2.95

 e4 homozygous

1.26

0.37

0.76, 2.07

0.70

0.28

0.37, 1.33

0.91

0.83

0.36, 2.25

0.76

0.80

0.09, 6.21

Residential distance from London centre (miles)

 < 60

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 60–120

0.92

0.42

0.75, 1.13

0.68

0.02

0.50, 0.93

1.35

0.09

0.95, 1.93

NA

  

 120–180

0.91

0.39

0.74, 1.13

0.39

< 0.01

0.29, 0.54

1.13

0.53

0.77, 1.67

   

 > 180

0.86

0.17

0.69, 1.07

0.38

< 0.01

0.27, 0.52

1.07

0.75

0.71, 1.60

   
  1. SEP: socioeconomic position; OR: odds ratio; A: Comparing those who did not meet the specific life course data availability criteria vs those who did; B: comparing those who previously indicated they were not willing to attend a London-based clinic or did not respond vs those who were; C: comparing those who did not attend vs successfully attended; D: comparing those who were not scanned vs those successfully scanned
  2. Italic values indicate p < 0.05