From: Analysis of reciprocating system real-time torque variation during root canal preparation
Instrument | Third | Median of torque Ncm (min–max) | Median of maximum torque Ncm (min–max) | Time (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
WOGP | Cervical | 0.22 (0.20–0.25) | 0.30 (0.30–0.30)A,a | 53.5 (21–106) |
Middle | 0.20 (0.10–0.80) | 0.55 (0.10–1.40)A,b | ||
Apical | 0.30 (0.10–0.65) | 0.95 (0.20–1.90)B,c | ||
RBR25 | Cervical | 0.15 (0.10–0.60) | 0.50 (0.30–0.60)A,a | 61.5 (20–107) |
Middle | 0.20 (0.10–0.80) | 0.60 (0.10–1.30)A,b | ||
Apical | 0.30 (0.10–0.60) | 1.25 (0.40–2.20)B,d |