Table 1 Items that were used to measure SES in selected articles
From: Measurement components of socioeconomic status in health-related studies in Iran
First author | Year | Geographical | Target group | Validation | Language | SES items |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Doulabi [11] | 2017 | Tehran | 1036 children 36–60 months | + | English (E) | Parent’s education, house ownership, floor area of the housing unit, having one or two cars, monthly income, computer, number of family members |
Khajavi [13] | 2017 | 31 provinces in Iran | – | + | E | Home area, number of rooms, car, television, refrigerator, oven, vacuum cleaner, washing machines, media players, cell phone, telephone, bathroom, kitchen, gas pipe line |
Almasi-Hashiani [14] | 2017 | Tehran | 5170 women | + | E | Vacuum cleaner, handicraft carpet, laptop, freezer, dish washing machines, private cars, touch mobile, three-dimensional TV, side-by-side refrigerator, microwaves, number of rooms and area of residence |
Kelishadi [15] | 2017 | 30 provinces in Iran | 23,183 school students | + | E | Parental education, parents’ job, possessing private car, school type (public/private), and having personal computer in home |
Kia [16] | 2017 | 31 provinces in Iran | 29,609 household | − | E | TV sets, refrigerators, freezers, radios, cell phones, wristwatches, computers, laptops, microwaves, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, dish washing machines, cars, heating and cooling systems, fuel in the kitchen, access to internet, sources of drinking water, bathrooms, number of rooms, toilets, home ownership |
Mosallanezhad [17] | 2017 | Tehran | 75 yeas | − | E | Overall years of education, job status and monthly family income |
Maharloue [18] | 2017 | Shiraz | 3400 households | + | E | Education level and occupation head of household and partners, household income |
Ayubi [19] | 2017 | Zanjan city | 1064 student high schools | + | E | Car, washing machine, dishwasher, fridge/freezer, vacuum cleaner, personal computer and laptop, microwave, LCD or LED TV |
Tajik [20] | 2016 | Falavarjan | 302 patients | + | Persian (P) | Type of home, home area, number of rooms, personal car, motorcycle, furniture microwave, washing machine, dishwasher, TV, freezer, vacuum cleaner, cell phone, landline, cooler type, kitchen space |
Kavefirooz [21] | 2016 | Tehran | 384 women | − | P | Education, family income, occupation, place of residence, type of home, parental education |
Mostafavi [22] | 2016 | 16 provinces in Iran | 2494 subjects 10–18 years | + | E | Personal home, car, computer, school type (private/public) |
Mirmoghtadaee [12] | 2016 | 30 provinces in Iran | 13,486 students | + | E | House, car, computer, parental education and occupation, school type (private/public) |
Safiri [23] | 2016 | 30 provinces in Iran | 13,486 student 6–18 years | + | E | Parents’ education, parents’ job, private car, school type (public/private), type of home (private/rented), and having personal computer |
Ahmadi [24] | 2016 | Golestan Province | 50,045 40–75 years | − | E | Family asset, ethnicity, sex, employment status, age at starting the first job, size and the status of house |
Alhossaini [25] | 2016 | Isfahan Najafabad Arak | 10,745 people aged ≥ 19 years | − | E | Ownership of a house, car, personal computer, health insurance support |
Heshmat [26] | 2016 | 31 provinces of Iran | 14,136 aged ≥ 15 years | − | E | House ownership, number of rooms, TV, cell phone, car, freezer, washing machine, dish washing machine, phone, microwave, access to internet, occupation and education heads of the families, number of family members |
Rezazadeh [10] | 2016 | Urmia | 723 participants aged 20–64 | − | E | Tap water, gas, electricity, telephone, bathroom, toilet, color TV, black and white TV/stove with oven or without oven, refrigerator, freezer, vacuum cleaner, washing machine, motorcycle, car, number of cars, mobile phone, number of mobile phones, computer/laptop, internet connection |
Tavakoli [27] | 2016 | Tehran | 292 women 60 years | − | E | Home ownership, monthly income and the number of essential item for living |
Pasdar [28] | 2015 | Kermanshah | 687 women 65–25 years | − | P | Occupation, education, income |
Keshtkar [29] | 2015 | Arak and Sanandaj | 2617 people ≥ 20 years | + | P | Education, housing ownership, home area, mobile phone, freezer, washing machine, dishwasher, computer, internet access, car |
Naghibi [30] | 2015 | Mazandaran | 184 children under 5-year | − | P | Parental education, parent’s occupation, place of residence, housing ownership, family income |
Roudsari [31] | 2015 | Tehran | 722 people 30–64 years | − | E | Age, gender, occupation status, education, duration of residence in Tehran, ethnicity, religion, marital status, number of children |
Abobakri [32] | 2015 | East Azerbaijan | 700 households | + | E | Value of housing, health expenditure of household, occupation rank, income, education of head of household, value of personal car |
Bahramian [33] | 2015 | Tehran | 20,320 adult 15–64 years | + | E | Average living area per person, room capitation per person, landline, mobile phone, bathroom, kitchen, toilet, car, motorcycle, refrigerator, microwave, oven, computer, dishwasher |
Ramezani Doroh [34] | 2015 | Shiraz | 852 men 716 women | − | E | Monthly income |
Ghorbani [35] | 2015 | Tehran | 1100 adult | + | E | Education, house area per capita, house value based on location, house ownership, having a car, computer, dishwasher, steam-cleaner, microwave, internet access |
Baygi [36] | 2015 | 27 provinces of Iran | 5682 students 10–18 years | − | E | literacy, family permanent income (family assets), employment rate |
Morowatisharifabad [37] | 2015 | Ardakan and Yazd | 188 children 3–5 years | + | E | Parents’ education and occupation, the size of the house (m2), whether the house had a yard, and if so, could it be used as a playground by the child |
Mashayekhi-Ghoyonlo [38] | 2015 | Mashhad | 140 patients | + | E | Level of education, job, income, monthly savings, place of residence, home ownership, car ownership |
Najafianzadeh [39] | 2015 | Arak | 373 rural households | + | P | Parent education, income, sofa, handmade carpet, freezer, refrigerator, washing machine, dishwasher, microwave, computer, car, personal home |
Shishehgar [40] | 2014 | Tehran | 210 pregnant women | + | E | Marital status, occupation and education level, monthly income, place of residence, number of people per household, cost per square meter of their house, car, computer |
Cheraghian [41] | 2014 | Tehran | 69,173 25–64 years | + | E | Owning fridge, personal computer, telephone, mobile phone, washing machine, microwave oven, car, motorcycle, kitchen, bathroom, toilet, house ownership, number of rooms per capita, area of the house |
Tajik [42] | 2014 | 28 provinces of Iran | 27,000 households | + | E | Kitchen, bathroom, vacuum cleaner, washing machine, freezer, personal computer |
Mokhayeri [43] | 2014 | Tehran | – | − | E | Job |
Eslami [44] | 2014 | Tehran | 700 adult 18–64 years | − | E | Age, gender, marital status, having children, educational level, employment, profession, annual income, perceived financial strain |
Kavosi [45] | 2014 | Shiraz | 100 patients | + | E | Age, sex, education, occupation, insurance |
Mohebbi [46] | 2014 | Tehran | 499 individuals 20–50 year | − | E | Educational level, family income, house ownership, household size and number of persons |
Heydari [47] | 2014 | Ahvaz | 350 students university | − | E | Father’s and mother`s education level, father’s career, family’s income, relative price of own dwelling, purchasing power for buying a dwelling |
Eslami [48] | 2014 | Mashhad | 359 citizens | − | P | Income, economic class, housing ownership, education |
Pasdar [49] | 2014 | Kermanshah | 500 households | − | P | Maternal income, mother’s education, father’s education, mother’s occupation, father’s occupation |
Ghodratnama [50] | 2013 | Ahvaz | 370 students university | + | P | Income—economic class—housing ownership—parental education |
Nejhad [51] | 2013 | 28 provinces of Iran | 3472 patients | + | E | Phone at home, cell phone, washing machine, dish washer, microwave, camcorder, car, residential Area, number of rooms, main cooling devices, main cooking device |
Naghibi Sistani [52] | 2013 | Tehran | 1031 18–65 years | − | E | Living area in square meters per person, education, employment |
Nazari [53] | 2013 | 30 provinces in Iran | 58,421,420 Iranian ≥ 10 years | − | E | Number of family, % of individuals literate in family; % of individuals with employment in family, % of family members are students, car, access to the Internet, accommodation size, numbers of rooms, kitchen, gas pipe lines, house ownership, motorcycle, bathroom, effluent system, existence of disabled individual in the family. |
Khayatzadeh [54] | 2013 | Tehran | 220 mothers | − | E | Educational level (education of mothers), occupational status (both parents), income (both parents) and housing situation (the type, size of housing and the total number of rooms) |
Asefzadeh [55] | 2013 | Qazvin | 878 persons | − | P | Education, job classification, income, income percentile |
Nedjat [56] | 2012 | Tehran | 2464 residents of Tehran | + | E | Number of rooms and living area per capita, separate kitchen, bathroom, computer, washing machine, freezer, dishwasher, vacuum cleaner, personal car, mobile phone, color TV, video or DVD player, telephone |
Fakhri [57] | 2012 | Mazandaran province | 698 students | − | E | Occupation of the father of the family |
Morasae [58] | 2012 | Tehran | 22,135 people ≥ 15 years | + | E | Personal computer, freezer, car, motorcycle, mobile phone, kitchen, bathroom, landline, toilet, house ownership, residence area per capita, number of rooms per capita |
Zolala [59] | 2012 | 28 provinces of Iran | Ecological study | − | E | Unemployment, urbanization and literacy in the different provinces |
Rohani-Rasaf [60] | 2012 | Tehran | Ecological study | + | E | House ownership, room per person, area per capita, having bath, kitchen, toilet, car, phone, cell phone, freezer, computer, years of education |
Payab [61] | 2012 | Ray city | 430 mothers | − | P | Level of education, job position of head of household and mother, housing ownership, sofa, handmade carpet, refrigerator freezer, washing machine, dishwasher, microwave, computer, car |
Yaghoubi and Enayat [62] | 2012 | Ahvaz | 384 students 18–14 | + | P | Maternal occupation, maternal income, maternal education |
Donyavi [63] | 2011 | Tehran | 1283 patients | − | E | Living area in square meters per person, education, employment |
Fazeli [64] | 2010 | North-East of Iran | 86 patient | − | E | Clean and tidy appearance, level of literacy, having a known professional career, unemployment, longer than 3 months in Iran, good job, monthly income, place of living |
Sheykhmounesi [65] | 2010 | Sari | 40 adults 40 children | − | P | Housing ownership, education level, family size, occupation, secondary occupation, job wife, car, mobile phone, agricultural land, insurance type |
Garmaroudi [66] | 2010 | Tehran | 1000 households | + | P | Household education, wife education, home area, home prices, car, computer |
Montazeri [67] | 2008 | Tehran | 4163 ≥ 15 years | − | E | Years of formal education |
Ansari [68] | 2008 | Zahedan | 240 university students | + | P | Father’s education, mother’s education father’s job, mother’s job, income |
Hosseinpoor [69] | 2007 | 29 provinces of Iran | 524,111 households | + | E | Number of rooms per capita, car, motorcycle, bicycle, fridge, TV, telephone kind of heating device |