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Fig. 1 | BMC Research Notes

Fig. 1

From: Ribosomal/nucleolar stress induction regulates tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) mediated oxidative stress in Anopheles gambiae midguts

Fig. 1

a Interactions between the Trx and GSH systems in redox homeostasis in Anopheles mosquitoes. GR is absent in the GSH system of Anopheles mosquitoes and is crossed out to convey this point. Therefore, Anopheles mosquitoes and other dipterans recycle glutathione disulfide through a dithiol-disulfide exchange with reduced thioredoxin. Reduced thioredoxin is recycled from its oxidized form by thioredoxin reductase thus maintaining sufficient levels of itself for subsequent glutathione disulfide recycling. GSSG glutathione disulfide, GSH glutathione, GR glutathione reductase, NADPH reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate, TrxR thioredoxin reductase, TrxS2 thioredoxin disulfide, Trx(SH)2 reduced thioredoxin, Trx-1 thioredoxin-1, Trx-2 thioredoxin-2, and TPx thioredoxin peroxidase. b AgTrx-1 protein expression in An. gambiae midgut epithelial cells. Immunoblot with α-AgTrx-1 antiserum of female An. gambiae midgut lysates obtained by incubation of midguts (5 per sample) under varied concentrations of tBHP in ex vivo organ culture media for 15 min. Female An. gambiae midgut lysates treated with ex vivo organ culture media (lanes 1, 5, and 9), 50 μM t-BHP (lanes 2, 6, and 10), 125 μM tBHP (lanes 3, 7, and 11), and 200 μM tBHP (lanes 4, 8, and 12) for the upper panel. Immunoblot with α-AgTrx-1 antiserum of female An. gambiae midgut lysates obtained by incubation of midguts (5 per sample) under varied concentrations of tBHP in ex vivo organ culture media for 15 min. Female An. gambiae midgut lysates treated with ex vivo organ culture media (lanes 1, 5, and 9), 250 μM tBHP (lanes 2, 6, and 10), 500 μM tBHP (lanes 3, 7, and 11), and 1 mM tBHP (lane 5, 9, and 13) for the lower panel. Lanes 1–4 (biological replicate 1), lanes 5–8 (biological replicate 2), lanes 9–12 (biological replicate 3). AnAPN1 (~ 135 kDa), as a loading control is shown below each treatment column. Signal intensity was calculated in K counts mm2 (lower table) using LiCOR Odyssey Analytical software (Additional file 1). P-values (P ≤ 0.05) were calculated by the parametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s correction

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