Fig. 3

Aroma production by L. lactis FM03-V2 in a partial cell recycling chemostat culture at different growth rates. The eight compounds in the two columns on the left increased at lower growth rates, while the 12 compounds on the right decreased. The production rate is calculated based on the abundance in the cell-free permeate and cell-containing effluent and their corresponding flow rates and afterwards normalized per compound by dividing each rate by the highest production rate. Error bars represent the standard deviation of technical duplicates