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Table 2 Sequential logistic regression results on the determinants of healthcare use among poor older females

From: Factors influencing healthcare use among poor older females under the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty programme in Atwima Nwabiagya District, Ghana

Variable

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Full model

AOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

Demographic

 Age (years)

  70–74a

0.845

(0.167–4.276)

0.549

(0.089–3.380)

0.376

(0.049 –2.909)

0.094

(0.003–2.659)

  75–79

0.369

(0.073–1.854)

0.260

(0.042–1.632)

0.152

(0.020–1.180)

0.089

(0.004–2.271)

  80–84

0.675

(0.121–3.777)

0.271

(0.036–2.035)

0.318

(0.033–3.025)

0.175

(0.004–6.995)

  85–89

0.258

(0.021–3.162)

0.227

(0.014–3.625)

0.310

(0.014–2.921)

0.007*

(0.001–0.958)

  90 and above

0.624

(0.129–3.013)

0.072

(0.072–2.809)

0.351

(0.042–2.921)

0.167

(0.004–7.584)

 Ethnicity

  Akanb

0.949

(0.229–3.932)

1.325

(0.251–7.001)

1.187

(1.187–7.523)

1.835

(0.069–48.482)

 Religious group

  Muslimc

0.279

(0.081–0.963)

0.150

(0.060–0.762)

0.324

(0.072–1.420)

0.376

(0.037–3.849)

  Traditional

0.068*

(0.005–0.879)

0.700

(0.215–1.270)

0.199

(0.004–9.033)

0.005

(0.000–3.855)

 Marital status

  Marriedd

2.338

(0.477–11.456)

2.778

(0.527–14.640)

2.713

(0.475–15.506)

3.850

(0.257–57.687)

Socio-economic

 Education

  Basic schoole

  

0.938

(0.231–3.807)

0.612

(0.133–2.811)

0.105

(0.009–1.214)

  High school

  

1.906

(0.191–19.031)

0.861

(0.069–10.754)

1.101

(0.011–114.042)

 Income (GHS)

  101–200f

  

1.125

(0.270–4.683)

0.873

(0.193–3.940)

0.432

(0.049–3.805)

  201–300

  

0.662

(0.132–3.310)

0.760

(0.118–4.901)

3.730

(0.152–91.581)

  Above 300

  

0.762

(0.095–6.128)

0.667

(0.067–6.664)

0.453

(0.019–10.760)

  Uninsured

  

0.146

(0.017–1.230)

0.246

(0.023–2.657)

0.265

(0.004–16.614)

  No family support

  

0.127*

(0.021–0.780)

0.100*

(0.011–0.918)

0.029

(0.000–0.313)

Health related

 No past illness (3 months)

    

0.128*

(0.028–0.587)

0.027*

(0.002–0.346)

 Poor health status

    

0.507

(0.130–1.969)

0.254

(0.023–2.771)

 No NCDs

    

0.244

(0.051–1.166)

0.003*

(0.001–0.313)

 No disability

    

2.293

(0.260–20.224)

14.492

(0.417–503.645)

Health behaviour

 Non-physical activity (1 month)

      

0.636

(0.064–6.270)

 Non-alcohol users (1 year)

      

0.023

(0.002–1.419)

 Non-tobacco smokers (1 year)

      

94.950

(294–3061. 87)

 Non-fruit intakes (1 month)

      

2.106

(0.097–45.911)

 Non-vegetable intake (1 month)

      

1.2*

(0.230–2.45)

Model fitting information

 − 2Log Likelihood

104.403

  

92.045

80.018

 

47.924

 

 Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 (significance)

2.820 (0.901)

  

3.414 (0.268)

0.390 (0.557)

 

4.867 (0.772)

 

 Nagelkerke R2

0.132

  

0.268

6.812

 

0.672

 
  1. Italic values indicate significance of p value (p < 0.05)
  2. CI, confidence interval; OR, odd ratio; AOR, adjusted odd ratio
  3. p < 0.05
  4. a65–69 years is the reference category for age variable
  5. bNortherner is the reference category for ethnicity variable
  6. cChristianity is the reference category for religious variable
  7. dSingle is the reference category for marital status variable
  8. eNo formal education is the reference category for education variable
  9. f100 Ghana cedis or less is the reference category for income variable
  10. Model 1 = Demographic variables; Model 2 = All variables in Model 1 plus socio-economic variables; Model 3 = All variables in Model 2 plus health-related variables; Model 4 = All variables in Model 3 plus health behaviour variables