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Table 2 Factors that affect nasopharyngeal colonization rate of S. pneumoniae among children who attended kindergarten school owned by government at Tabor sub city, Hawassa from March 17, 2018 to May 20, 2018, (N = 317)

From: Colonization rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, its associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among children attending kindergarten school in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia

Variables

Colonization rate

COR (95% CI)

P value

AOR (95% CI)

P value

No (%)

Yes (%)

Age

 3–4

36 (65.5)

19 (34.5)

2.3 (1.2–4.3)

0.011

3.1 (1.3–7.6)

0.010

 5–6

213 (81.3)

49 (18.7)

1

1

Sex

 Male

118 (76.6)

36 (23.4)

1.2 (0.7–2.1)

0.417

 Female

131 (80.4)

32 (19.6)

1

Sibling < 5 years old

 Yes

160 (74.1)

56 (25.9)

2.6 (1.3–5.1)

0.006

2.9 (1.3–6.8)

0.011

 No

89 (88.1)

12 (11.9)

1

1

Number of sibling per house

 1

29 (67.4)

14 (32.6)

1.5 (0.7–3.1)

0.269

 ≥ 2

131 (75.7)

42 (24.3)

1

Daycare attendance

 Yes

86 (82.7)

1 8 (17.3)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.211

0.7 (0.3–1.5)

0.345

 No

163 (76.5)

50 (23.5)

1

1

Smoker in a house

 Yes

8 (61.5)

5 (38.5)

2.4 (0.8–7.6)

0.138

2.6 (0.6–12.3)

0.225

 No

241 (79.3)

63 (20.7)

1

1

Sharing bed with parents

 Yes

157 (73.0)

58 (27.0)

2.7 (1.4–5.4)

0.003

3.5 (1.4–8.4)

0.005

 No

92 (90.2)

10 (9.8)

1

1

Cooking in bed room

 Yes

118 (70.2)

50 (29.8)

3.1 (1.7–5.6)

< 0.001

3.6 (1.6–7.9)

0.002

 No

131 (87.9)

18 (12.1)

1

1

Number room per house

 1

169 (77.5)

49 (22.5)

1.2 (0.7–2.2)

0.509

 ≥ 2

80 (80.8)

19 (19.2)

1

Number of family in the house

 < 5

166 (79.1)

44 (20.9)

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.762

 ≥ 5

83 (77.6)

24 (22.4)

1

Previous disease

 Yes

168 (77.1)

50 (22.9)

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

0.340

 No

81 (81.8)

18 (18.2)

1

Previous hospitalization

 Yes

21 (53.8)

18 (46.2)

3.9 (1.9–8.2)

< 0.001

3.5 (1.5–8.2)

0.004

 No

147 (82.1)

32 (17.9)

1

1

Vaccination status

 Yes

237 (79.0)

63 (21.0)

0.6 (0.2–1.9)

0.415

 No

12 (70.6)

5 (29.4)

1

  1. N: total participated children; COR: crud odds ratio; AOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, %: percentage