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Table 2 Comparison of depressed and non-depressed mothers (n = 244)

From: Prevalence and determinants of depression in mothers of children under 5 years in Bole District, Ghana

Characteristic

Total

Depression status

Test statistics

No, n (%)

Yes, n (%)

Age group (years)

 18–24

62

45 (72.6)

17 (27.4)

Chi-square = 7.223; df = 2; p = 0.027

 25–29

82

73 (89.0)

9 (11.0)

 30 +

100

85 (85.0)

15 (15.0)

Education

 None

130

111 (85.4)

19 (14.6)

Chi-square = 1.435; df = 2; p = 0.488

 Primary

55

43 (78.2)

12 (21.8)

 JHS and above

59

49 (83.1)

10 (16.9)

Marital statusa

 Currently married

205

179 (87.3)

26 (12.7)

Chi-square = 15.576; df = 1; p < 0.001

 Currently unmarried

39

24 (61.5)

15 (38.5)

Religion

 Islam

188

161 (85.6)

27 (14.4)

Chi-square = 3.493; df = 1; p = 0.062

 Others

56

42 (75.0)

14 (25.0)

Ethnicity

 Gonja

178

153 (86.0)

25 (14.0)

Chi-square = 3.581; df = 1; p = 0.058

 Others

66

50 (75.8)

16 (24.2)

Occupation

 Trader/vendor

105

82 (78.1)

23 (21.9)

Chi-square = 5.578; df = 2; p = 0.061

 Housewife

53

43 (81.1)

10 (18.9)

 Othersb

86

78 (90.7)

8 (9.3)

Number of children under 5 in household

 1

171

140 (81.9)

31 (18.1)

Chi-square = 0.718; df = 1; p = 0.397

 2

73

63 (86.3)

10 (13.7)

Source of lighting in the house

 Electricity

233

199 (85.4)

34 (14.6)

p < 0.001c

 Others

11

4 (36.4)

7 (63.6)

Type of fuel used for cooking

 Firewood

172

138 (80.2)

34 (19.8)

Chi-square = 3.663; df = 1; p = 0.056

 Others

72

65 (90.3)

7 (9.7)

Household wealth index (tertile)

 Lowest

84

62 (73.8)

22 (26.2)

Chi-square = 8.416; df = 2; p = 0.015

 Medium

81

70 (86.4)

11 (13.6)

 Highest

79

71 (89.9)

8 (10.1)

  1. aLegally married were classified as “currently married”, all other women were classified as “currently unmarried”
  2. bIncludes agriculture workers (n = 45), services providers (n = 34) and salaried workers (n = 7)
  3. cFisher’s exact test used for comparison