Table 3 Factors associated with renal impairment in patients attending HIV clinic at the KBTH
From: Tenofovir-associated renal toxicity in a cohort of HIV infected patients in Ghana
Characteristic | Renal impairment N = 63 n, % | No renal impairment N = 237 n, % | Relative risk [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD, years | 45.3 ± 12.15 | 37.6 ± 10.3 | 1.04 [1.03–1.06] | < 0.001 |
Baseline CrCl rate, median (IQR), mL/min | 55.7 [52.4–66.1] | 85.7 [66.9–113.2] | 0.95 [0.93–0.96] | < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 18 (28.6) | 67 (28.3) | 1.01 [0.62–1.64] | 0.962 |
Female | 45 (71.4) | 170 (71.7) | 1.00 | |
Smoke tobacco | ||||
Yes | 2 (3.2) | 9 (3.8) | 0.86 [0.24–3.06] | 0.810 |
No | 61 (96.8) | 226 (96.2) | 1.00 | |
Alcohol use | ||||
Yes | 4 (6.4) | 28 (11.8) | 0.57 [0.22–1.46] | 0.240 |
No | 59 (93.6) | 209 (88.2) | 1.00 | |
WHO HIV stage | ||||
Stage IV | 4 (6.3) | 48 (20.2) | 3.42 [1.16–10.09] | 0.026 |
Stage III | 10 (15.9) | 66 (27.9) | 3.78 [1.42–10.06] | 0.008 |
Stage II | 39 (61.9) | 95 (40.1) | 1.71 [0.57–5.16] | 0.341 |
Stage I | 10 (15.9) | 28 (11.8) | 1.00 | |
HIV type | ||||
Type II | 2 (3.2) | 14 (5.9) | 0.58 [0.16–2.17] | 0.420 |
Type I | 61 (96.8) | 223 (94.1) | 1.00 | |
ART regimen administered | ||||
PI-based | 2 (3.2) | 7 (3.0) | 1.06 [0.31–3.67] | 0.927 |
NNRTI-based | 61 (96.8) | 230 (97.0) | 1.00 | |
Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||
< 150 | 30 (47.6) | 104 (43.9) | 1.42 [0.83–2.44] | 0.200 |
150–250 | 16 (25.4) | 42 (17.7) | 1.75 [0.96–3.20] | 0.068 |
> 250 | 17 (27.0) | 91 (38.4) | 1.00 | |
Presence of co-morbidity | ||||
Yes | 20 (31.7) | 60 (25.3) | 1.28 [0.80–2.04] | 0.299 |
No | 43 (68.3) | 177 (74.7) | 1.00 | |
On co-medication | ||||
Yes | 12 (19.1) | 28 (11.8) | 1.53 [0.90–2.61] | 0.119 |
No | 51 (80.9) | 209 (88.2) | 1.00 | |
Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
< 18.5 (underweight) | 27 (42.8) | 25 (10.5) | 3.87 [2.49–6.03] | < 0.001 |
≥ 25.0 | 10 (15.9) | 44 (18.6) | 1.38 [0.71–2.68] | 0.340 |
18.5–24.9 | 26 (41.3) | 168 (70.9) | 1.00 | |
Adverse event | ||||
Present | 12 (19.1) | 35 (14.8) | 1.27 [0.73–2.19] | 0.397 |
Absent | 51 (80.9) | 202 (85.2) | 1.00 | |