Skip to main content

Table 2 Risk and protective factors associated with major structural birth defects

From: Determinants and seasonality of major structural birth defects among newborns delivered at primary and referral hospital of East and West Gojjam zones, Northwest Ethiopia 2017–2018: case–control study

Characteristics

Cases

Controls

COR with 95% CI

AOR with 95% CI

Count (%)

Count (%)

Maternal age

 ≤ 20

10 (10%)

32 (10.7%)

1.1 (0.5–2.2)

 

 20–35

75 (75%)

256 (85.9%)

1

1

 > 35

15 (15.0%)

10 (3.4%)

5 (2.2–11.9)

4.9 (1.1–23.7)

Residence

 Urban

51 (21.9%)

182 (78.1%)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

6.4 (1.9–21.7)

 Rural

49 (29.7%)

116 (70.3%)

1

1

Primary address during 1st trimester

 Dega

25 (39.1%)

39 (60.9%)

2.8 (1.5–5.2)

4.3 (1.3–14)

 Woyina Dega

34 (18.6%)

149 (81.4%)

1

1

 Kolla

41 (27.2%)

110 (72.8%)

1.6 (1.0–2.7)

 

Intake of herbal medicine during pregnancy

 Yes

40 (40%)

36 (12%)

4.9 (2.9–8.2)

10.9 (4.2–28.1)

 No

60 (60%)

262 (88%)

1

1

Alcohol intake

 Yes

92 (92%)

164 (55%)

9.4 (4.4–20)

12.7 (3.3–48.7)

 No

8 (8%)

134 (45%)

1

1

History of high fever during pregnancy

 Yes

54 (54%)

48 (16%)

6 (3.7–10.0)

3.4 (1.3–11.6)

 No

46 (46%)

250 (84%)

1

1

Folic acid

 Yes

31 (31%)

228 (76.5%)

1

1

 No

69 (69%)

70 (23.5%)

7.2 (4.39–12.0)

7.3 (2.9–18.8)

Counselling for pregnancy preparation

 Yes

30

190

1

1

 No

70

108

4 (2.5–6.7)

4.8 (1.9–12.1)