Multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli and Salmonella on raw vegetable salads served at hotels and restaurants in Bharatpur, Nepal

Table 1 Association of various variables with the rate of bacterial contamination

S. no.	Attributes	Sample from	No. of sample	Isolates
				E. coli		Salmonella
				Contaminated sample	p-value	Contaminated sample	p-value
1	Grades	Grade A	72	4 (5.55%)		14 (19.44%)
		Grade B	72	10 (13.88%)	0.015*	22 (30.55%)	0.015*
		Grade C	72	15 (20.83%)		30 (41.64%)
2	Literacy	Literate	207	25 (12%)	0.021*	60 (29%)	0.025*
2	Literacy	Illiterate	9	4 (44%)		6 (66.7%)
3	Personal hygiene	Gloved	54	2 (3.7%)	0.016*	1 (5.6%)	0.015*
3	Personal hygiene	Non-gloved	162	27 (16.67%)		65 (32.8%)
4	Cleaning materials	Soap/detergent	171	19 (11%)	0.052	46 (26.9%)	0.023*
4	Cleaning materials	Water	45	10 (22.2%)		20 (44.4%)

ISSN: 1756-0500