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Table 1 Comparisons of demographic characteristics of participants in the case and control groups

From: Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration is associated with higher pain and disability in subjects with low back pain: a case–control study

Variables

Case group (N = 63)

Control group (N = 55)

p-value

Age, years

49.44 ± 12.77

50.02 ± 9.67

0.784

Sex

   

 Male

26 (41.26%)

29 (52.72%)

0.455

 Female

37 (58.73%)

36 (65.45%)

Education

   

 Illiterate/primary school

12 (19.04%)

16 (29.09%)

0.158

 High school

22 (34.92%)

18 (32.72%)

 College

29 (46.03)

19 (34.54%)

Job

   

 Workless

33 (52.38%)

24 (43.63%)

0.668

 Employed

21 (33.33%)

27 (49.09%)

 Retired

9 (14.28%)

4 (7.27%)

Weight (kg)

79.92 ± 12.30

75.27 ± 10.28

0.028

Height (cm)

165.50 ± 8.48

164.01 ± 9.08

0.336

BMI (kg/m2)

29.33 ± 5.05

28.10 ± 4.15

0.151

BMI category

   

 Normal

15 (23.80%)

25 (45.45%)

0.527

 Over-weighted

29 (46.03%)

16 (29.09%)

 Obese

19 (30.15%)

14 (25.45%)

Waist circumference (cm)

93.821 ± 8.72

94.985

0.522

Hip circumference (cm)

108.11 ± 15.99

108.67 ± 10.61

0.819

Waist to hip ratio

0.97 ± 0.93

0.87 ± 0.07

0.395

BMI

   

 Normal

15 (23.80%)

25 (45.45%)

0.527

 Over-weighted

29 (46.03%)

16 (29.09%)

 Obese

19 (30.15%)

14 (25.45%)

Physical activity

   

 Low

43 (68.3%)

25 (45.5%)

0.008

 Moderate

20 (31.7%)

27 (49.1%)

 High

0 (00.00%)

3 (5.5%)

Serum 25(OH) D (ng/ml)

   

 < 20

27 (42.85%)

8 (14.54%)

0.001

 20 to 29.9

14 (22.22%)

15 (27.27%)

 ≥ 30

22 (34.92%)

32 (58.18%)

  1. Values are mean ± SD OR number (%)