Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of determinants associated with IPI among pregnant mothers on ANC visit at health facilities in Lalo Kile district from April 1 to May 15, 2019 (n = 315)

Educational status

 Primary school

3.8 (1.4, 10.76)

0.01

0.3 (0.02, 4.2)

0.38

 Secondary school

2.5 (0.8, 7.46)

0.09

0.68 (0.05, 8)

0.75

 College and above

1

1

Place of residence

 Urban

1

1

 Rural

3.4 (1.8, 6.3)

0.001

0.34 (0.05, 2.1)

0.25

Occupation

 Government employee

1

1

 Farmer

2.25 (1.2, 4)

0.006^*

7.3 (1.46,37)

0.03^*

Average monthly income^c

 < 17.5

1.58 (0.6, 3.87)

0.311

 17.5–35

1.53 (0.9,2.45)

0.07

  > 35

1

Family size

 ≤ 2

1

 ≥ 3

1.7 (0.9, 2.9)

0.07

Habit of eating unwashed fruits and vegetables

 Yes

0.67 (0.42,1)

0.10

 No

1

Water treatment before drinking

 Yes

1

 No

1.2 (0.7, 2.15)

0.50

Walking bare footed

 Yes

5.3 (3.3, 8.7)

0.001*

6.13 (1.98, 19)

0.002*

 No

1

1

Hand washing before food preparation (with)

 Soap and water

1

1

 Water only

2.9 (1.8,4.7)

0.001

2.5 (0.85, 7.5)

0.09

Presence of latrine facility

 Yes

1

 No

1.6 (0.43,6.17)

0.47

Hand washing purpose after latrine (with)

 Soap and water

1

1

 Water only

4.3 (1.7, 10.2)

0.001*

5.36 (1.78,16)

0.003*

Access to health education

 Yes

1

 No

1.14 (0.7, 1.9)

0.62