Cognitive measures | Groups | Pretest M (SD) | Posttest M (SD) | Fisher’s F | p value | Partial eta squared |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Digit symbol WAIS-R (PL) | HOA | 39.917 (13.883) | 41.859 (10.801) | 3.45 | 0.067 | 0.046 |
MD | 30.962 (13.347) | 32.067 (13.904) | 1.183 | 0.286 | 0.044 | |
CTT-1 time | HOA | 67.389 (27.690) | 61.930 (22.843) | 2.952 | 0.090 | 0.04 |
MD | 105.667 (84.748) | 88.080 (40.528) | 1.318 | 0.261 | 0.048 | |
CTT-1 errors | HOA | 0.097 (0.342) | 0.028 (0.166) | 2.816 | 0.098 | 0.038 |
MD | 0.222 (0.506) | 0.040 (0.192) | 2.933 | 0.099 | 0.101 | |
CTT-2 time | HOA | 130.014 (51.600) | 120.761 (45.302) | 5.167 | 0.026 | 0.068 |
MD | 180.815 (107.236) | 193.960 (122.325) | 1.67 | 0.208 | 0.06 | |
CTT-2 errors | HOA | 0.222 (0.717) | 0.211 (0.579) | 0.017 | 0.898 | 0.0002 |
MD | 0.704 (1.660) | 0.520 (1.244) | 0.896 | 0.352 | 0.033 | |
d2 WZ | HOA | 316.493 (125.297) | 350.901 (143.112) | 18.287 | < .001 | 0.205 |
MD | 392.958 (99.711) | 387.318 (118.466) | 0.162 | 0.691 | 0.006 | |
d2%B | HOA | 23.870 (34.578) | 15.273 (14.907) | 5.838 | 0.018 | 0.076 |
MD | 18.945 (13.410) | 16.299 (11.794) | 4.364 | 0.047 | 0.144 | |
d2 WZ-B | HOA | 256.155 (126.183) | 300.167 (134.440) | 42.946 | < .001 | 0.377 |
MD | 320.708 (98.540) | 328.00 (116.011) | 0.382 | 0.542 | 0.014 | |
d2 ZK | HOA | 111.329 (47.701) | 129.690 (50.946) | 14.674 | < .001 | 0.171 |
MD | 100.375 (48.374) | 105.903 (48.714) | 1.005 | 0.325 | 0.047 | |
Block design WAIS-R (PL) | HOA | 21.833 (8.454) | 24.183 (8.118) | 12.509 | < .001 | 0.15 |
MD | 15.852 (9.623) | 17.017 (9.433) | 2.433 | 0.131 | 0.086 | |
ROCF copy | HOA | 33.028 (4.663) | 33.809 (2.893) | 1.804 | 0.184 | 0.025 |
MD | 29.596 (7.094) | 32.562 (4.878) | 8.867 | 0.006 | 0.254 | |
ROCF delayed recall | HOA | 19.146 (8.329) | 21.735 (7.233) | 9.795 | 0.003 | 0.121 |
MD | 12.481 (6.693) | 12.945 (6.811) | 0.216 | 0.646 | 0.008 | |
Digit span—forward WAIS-R (PL) | HOA | 5.693 (1.931) | 5.704 (1.731) | 0.21 | 0.648 | 0.003 |
MD | 5.519 (2.471) | 5.269 (2.176) | 0.651 | 0.427 | 0.024 | |
Digit span—backward WAIS-R (PL) | HOA | 5.042 (1.699) | 5.479 (1.635) | 6.619 | 0.012 | 0.085 |
MD | 3.963 (1.190) | 3.769 (1.219) | 0.435 | 0.515 | 0.016 | |
AVLT list A, trial 1 | HOA | 5.268 (1.784) | 5.409 (1.553) | 0.353 | 0.555 | 0.005 |
MD | 4.259 (1.583) | 4.346 (1.413) | 0.089 | 0.767 | 0.003 | |
AVLT list A, trial 5 | HOA | 11.437 (2.354) | 11.310 (2.481) | 0.268 | 0.606 | 0.004 |
MD | 8.407 (2.620) | 8.692 (2.126) | 0.694 | 0.412 | 0.026 | |
AVLT list B | HOA | 5.113 (2.140) | 4.634 (2.050) | 2.848 | 0.096 | 0.039 |
MD | 4.000 (1.144) | 3.962 (1.285) | 0.027 | 0.871 | 0.001 | |
AVLT list A, trial 6 | HOA | 9.070 (3.069) | 9.366 (3.181) | 0.894 | 0.348 | 0.012 |
MD | 6.037 (2.981) | 6.500 (3.153) | 0.623 | 0.437 | 0.023 | |
AVLT list A, trial 7 | HOA | 9.254 (3.066) | 8.873 (3.801) | 1.036 | 0.312 | 0.014 |
MD | 5.704 (3.440) | 6.154 (3.371) | 1.013 | 0.323 | 0.038 | |
AVLT list A, recognition | HOA | 14.056 (1.727) | 14.056 (1.694) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
MD | 13.852 (4.688) | 13.360 (4.419) | 0.272 | 0.607 | 0.01 | |
BVRT correct reproductions indicator | HOA | 5.889 (1.781) | 6.189 (1.962) | 2.457 | 0.121 | 0.033 |
MD | 4.444 (2.259) | 3.692 (1.957) | 5.17 | 0.031 | 0.166 | |
BVRT errors indicator | HOA | 6.292 (3.009) | 5.455 (3.125) | 7.234 | 0.009 | 0.092 |
MD | 9.519 (4.219) | 9.885 (4.585) | 0.221 | 0.643 | 0.008 | |
Famous faces test | HOA | 9.583 (1.432) | 9.471 (1.774) | 0.544 | 0.463 | 0.008 |
MD | 7.444 (2.154) | 7.600 (2.465) | 0.154 | 0.698 | 0.006 | |
Verbal fluency (ACE-III) | HOA | 10.958 (2.236) | 11.343 (2.426) | 2.576 | 0.113 | 0.035 |
MD | 8.778 (2.913) | 8.630 (3.628) | 0.07 | 0.794 | 0.003 | |
Boston naming test | HOA | 57.722 (3.027) | 58.000 (2.974) | 1.71 | 0.195 | 0.024 |
MD | 55.259 (5.620) | 55.577 (5.500) | 0.513 | 0.48 | 0.019 |