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Table 2 Odds and 95% confidence interval for occurrence of the NAFLD in each quartile categories of snack consumption

From: Energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks and risk of non-alcoholic fattyliver disease: a case–control study in Iran

 

Quartiles of total energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks

P trenda

Q1 (n = 155)

Q2 (n = 153)

Q3 (n = 153)

Q4 (n = 153)

Biscuits and cakes

 Model 1

Ref

0.53 (0.31–0.93)

0.73 (0.43–1.23)

0.97 (0.58–1.60)

0.213

 Model 2

Ref

0.56 (0.31–1.04)

0.74 (0.40–1.37)

1.21 (0.65–2.26)

0.037

Candies and chocolates

 Model 1

Ref

0.47 (0.28–0.82)

0.51 (0.30–0.86)

0.96 (0.51–1.40)

0.458

 Model 2

Ref

0.58 (0.316–1.05)

0.60 (0.31–1.15)

0.92 (0.85–0.99)

0.169

Salty snacks

 Model 1

Ref

0.65 (0.39–1.11)

0.79 (0.47–1.34)

0.87 (0.52–1.46)

0.507

 Model 2

Ref

0.67 (0.37–1.29)

0.72 (0.36–1.37)

0.85 (0.46–1.54)

0.424

Soft drinks

 Model 1

Ref

0.28 (0.15–0.56)

1.23 (0.81–2.16)

1.38 (0.82–2.32)

0.087

 Model 2

Ref

0.33 (0.16–0.68)

1.24 (0.67–2.30)

1.64 (0.82–2.65)

0.005

Total snacks

 Model 1

Ref

0.89 (0.51–1.58)

1.14 (0.66–1.98)

1.94 (1.16–3.26)

0.015

 Model 2

Ref

0.92 (0.48–1.77)

1.18 (0.63–2.19)

2.27 (1.19–4.31)

0.001

  1. Model 1: Crude
  2. Model 2: Adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (kg/m2), physical activity (MET-h/wk), alcohol, energy intake (kcal/day)
  3. aBased on multiple logistic regression model