Trends in measures of handgrip strength from 2014 to 2017 among Korean adolescents using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Table 1 Participants characteristics in KNHANES 2014 to 2017

	Total (n = 2304)	2014 (n = 483)	2015 (n = 574)	2016 (n = 634)	2017 (n = 613)	B coefficient	P for trend
Age (year)	14.41 ± 0.06	14.28 ± 0.14	14.41 ± 0.13	14.47 ± 0.10	14.49 ± 0.14	0.067	0.272
SBP (mmHg)	108.54 ± 0.26	108.06 ± 0.61	108.90 ± 0.49	109.14 ± 0.53	108.05 ± 0.49	0.008	0.975
DBP (mmHg)	66.41 ± 0.22	65.70 ± 0.50	66.31 ± 0.40	66.94 ± 0.41	66.67 ± 0.47	0.349	0.098
Height (cm)	162.12 ± 0.28	161.69 ± 0.64	161.80 ± 0.53	162.32 ± 0.50	162.66 ± 0.50	0.343	0.180
Weight (kg)	56.08 ± 0.36	55.63 ± 0.86	57.14 ± 0.67	55.58 ± 0.68	55.96 ± 0.65	− 0.069	0.838
Waist (cm)	71.05 ± 0.26	70.47 ± 0.55	72.73 ± 0.49	70.91 ± 0.49	70.09 ± 0.51	− 0.319	0.188
BMI (z-score)	0.12 ± 0.32	0.10 ± 0.06	0.30 ± 0.68	0.01 ± 0.06	0.05 ± 0.06	0.117	0.115
WtHR	43.83 ± 0.14	43.55 ± 0.28	44.97 ± 0.28	43.69 ± 0.27	43.10 ± 0.28	− 0.280	0.028
Glucose (mg/dL)	91.85 ± 0.23	92.33 ± 0.67	91.88 ± 0.34	91.82 ± 0.36	91.37 ± 0.41	− 0.293	0.218
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	162.27 ± 0.66	157.52 ± 1.37	161.59 ± 1.23	164.01 ± 1.31	165.95 ± 1.35	2.755	< 0.001
TG (mg/dL)	86.08 ± 1.29	85.52 ± 2.95	88.29 ± 2.69	84.89 ± 2.26	85.61 ± 2.41	− 0.337	0.777
AST (U/L)	19.36 ± 0.23	18.87 ± 0.39	19.82 ± 0.66	19.14 ± 0.34	19.60 ± 0.40	0.143	0.438
ALT (U/L)	15.73 ± 0.46	14.87 ± 0.74	16.36 ± 1.22	15.55 ± 0.70	16.12 ± 0.94	0.284	0.465

Data presented as mean ± standard error with weighting of survey design
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, WtHR waist to height ratio(waist(cm)/height(cm) × 100), TG triglyceride, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase

ISSN: 1756-0500