Fig. 2

Foot lesions in huemul: a Protected Park Shoonem, Argentina: lesions in vivo include extensive tears (3 cm) on the abaxial wall of the hoof, reaching under the frontal third of the callus pad; and with the subunguinus partially detached and missing (above). Remains of dead huemul revealed articular lesions, like in feet and humerus (below). b Chilean populations: a male observed very weak and with foot lesions, died shortly after. At least three feet exhibited hoof lesions (photos taken by C. Panichine Faundes). c Huemul heads with lesions from Bernardo O’Higgins National Park (Chile): (i) head of female observed in 1993: with perforations on buccal and palatal sides of maxillary bone, exposing root apices of premolar and molar teeth; exposed roots of maxillary teeth from generalized erosion and resorption of bone resulting in enlarged dental alveoli; crystalline deposits on tooth roots (insert); resorption as well as osteomyelitic thickening of mandibular body. (ii) Male head from 2017: perforations on buccal and palatal sides of maxillary bone, exposing root apices of premolar and molar teeth; exposed roots of maxillary teeth from generalized erosion and resorption of bone resulting in enlarged dental alveoli (above). Antler development (below) qualifies as subnormal, indicating severe nutritional limitations for the annual cycle of antler regrowth. (iii) Juvenile female from 2019: resorption on buccal side of maxillary bone, exposing roots of premolar and molar teeth (Ultima Patagonia 2019, www.centre-terre.fr Accessed 10 July 2019)