Socio-behavioural factors | Tooth-brushing frequency | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
Age of the child, mean (SD) | 1.04 | 0.323 | ||
Gender of the child | ||||
Female | 1.00 | |||
Male | 0.94 (0.69, 1.28) | 0.679 | ||
Age when tooth brushing commenced | NS | |||
Less than 12 months of age | 1.00 | |||
12 months or more | 0.63 (0.32, 1.25) | 0.190 | ||
Last visit to Dentist | NS | |||
Less than 12 months | 1.00 | |||
12 months or more | 0.69 (0.48, 0.99) | 0.047 | ||
Serves of sugar sweetened beverages per day | NS | |||
0 | 1.00 | |||
1 | 1.55 (0.82, 2.95) | 0.178 | ||
2 | 0.91 (0.50, 1.62) | 0.741 | ||
3 | 0.56 (0.31, 1.01) | 0.055 | ||
4 or more | 0.50 (0.28, 0.88) | 0.016 | ||
Serves of chocolate per day | ||||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1 | 0.67 (0.46, 0.96) | 0.031 | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90) | 0.013 |
2 or more | 0.41 (0.27, 0.64) | < 0.001 | 0.41 (0.25, 0.65) | < 0.001 |
Marital status of parents | ||||
Married or having partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Single parent | 0.46 (0.32, 0.68) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.43, 0.99) | 0.044 |
Age of Mother | NS | |||
20–29 years | 1.00 | |||
30–39 years | 1.74 (1.05, 2.89) | 0.029 | ||
≥ 40 years | 2.35 (1.36, 4.04) | 0.002 | ||
Age of Father | NS | |||
20–29 years | 1.00 | |||
30–39 years | 1.29 (0.55,2.98) | 0.551 | ||
≥ 40 years | 1.75 (0.75, 4.08) | 0.194 | ||
Education status of mother | NS | |||
University | 1.00 | |||
Vocational degree or high school | 0.56 (0.38, 0.82) | 0.004 | ||
Education status of father | NS | |||
University | 1.00 | |||
Vocational degree or high school | 0.55 (0.33, 0.93) | 0.026 | ||
Job of mother | NS | |||
Managers and professionals | 1.00 | |||
Skilled workers | 0.69 (0.44, 1.09) | 0.114 | ||
Pensioners and unemployed | 0.36 (0.23, 0.57) | < 0.001 | ||
Job of father | ||||
Managers and professionals | 1.00 | |||
Skilled workers | 1.13 (0.76, 1.68) | 0.541 | ||
Pensioners and employed | 1.03 (0.49, 2.14) | 0.939 | ||
Parental attitude towards fluoridation | ||||
Negative or unsure | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Positive | 1.83 (1.27, 2.63) | 0.001 | 1.74 (1.17, 2.60) | 0.007 |
Extractions due to tooth decay in Mother | ||||
No extractions | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
One or more | 0.53 (0.39, 0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) | < 0.001 |
Extractions due to tooth decay in Father | NS | |||
No extractions | 1.00 | |||
One or more | 0.64 (0.45, 0.92) | 0.018 | ||
Private dental insurance | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 2.67 (1.88, 3.80) | < 0.001 | 2.04 (1.40, 2.96) | < 0.001 |
Income of the family | NS | |||
More than $100 K | 1.00 | |||
$40–100 K | 0.95 (0.53, 1.71) | 0.878 | ||
Up to $40 K | 0.40 (0.22, 0.72) | 0.002 |