Fig. 1

Concentration–response graph showing acute toxicity and the 48-h LC₅₀ of PFOA in zebrafish embryos. Concentration of PFOA (X-axis) plotted by the probability of mortality (Y-axis) in zebrafish embryos exposed for 48 h resulted in a derived LC₅₀ of 300 mg/L using the ecotoxicity package in R. Each data point represents the average of the replicates from one experiment, and data are presented from five repeated experiments using a range of PFOA concentrations. Each concentration was tested a minimum of three times. Note that the high concentrations all had 100% mortality and those data points overlap