Table 1 Changes in age-standardised cancer incidence and mortality rates for people aged under 75 years in Australia over the study period from 1995 to 2015 and the last period identified by Joinpoint analysis (A incidence rate; B mortality rate)

(A) Incidence rate (ranked by the total numbers of cases observed in 2015)

All cancers aged 0–74 years

397.8–392.6

− 0.1 (− 0.4, 0.2)*

309.9–337.3

0.5 (0.4, 0.5)

350.7–364.4

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

2008–2015

− 1.4 (− 1.6, − 1.3)

2009–2015

0.9 (0.7, 1.0)

2008–2015

− 0.4 (− 0.5, − 0.3)

Aged 15–74 years

 Prostate (C61)

125.5–137.2

0.5 (− 0.9, 1.8)*

125.5–137.2

0.5 (− 0.9, 1.8)*

2008–2015

− 4.5 (− 5.2, − 3.7)

2008–2015

− 4.5 (− 5.2, − 3.7)

 Breast (C50)

128.8–144.6

0.7 (0.4, 0.9)

128.8–144.6

0.7 (0.4, 0.9)

2007–2015

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

2007–2015

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

 Colon and rectum (C18–C20)

67.4–54.5

− 1.1 (− 1.4, − 0.8)

46.2–39.7

− 0.8 (− 1.4, − 0.2)

56.5–46.9

− 1.0 (− 1.2, − 0.8)

2013–2015

− 0.6 (− 3.0, 1.7)*

2007–2015

− 1.8 (− 2.1, − 1.6)

2008–2015

− 2.2 (− 2.6, − 1.8)

 Melanoma (C43)

53.7–59.9

0.4 (0.2, 0.7)

42.9–45.4

0.2 (− 0.1, 0.5)*

48.2–52.5

0.3 (0.1, 0.6)

2011–2015

0.9 (0.0, 1.9)

2010–2015

1.3 (0.6, 1.9)

2011–2015

1.3 (0.4, 2.2)

 Lung (C33–C34)

61.0–39.7

− 2.1 (− 2.4, − 1.9)

24.6–30.8

1.1 (0.7, 1.5)

42.1–35.2

− 0.9 (− 1.1, − 0.7)

2010–2015

− 1.2 (− 1.5, − 1.0)

2012–2015

1.5 (0.3, 2.8)

2011–2015

− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.2)*

 Head and neck (C00–C14, C30–C32)

32.9–27.4

− 0.9 (− 1.6, − 0.1)

9.5–8.8

− 0.5 (− 0.9, − 0.1)

21.0–18.0

− 0.8 (− 1.0, − 0.5)

2005–2015

0.1 (− 0.1, 0.4)*

2013–2015

− 2.4 (− 5.8, 1.2)*

2004–2015

0.3 (0.0, 0.6)

 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82–C85)

18.9–20.2

0.4 (− 0.1, 0.9)*

14.1–14.6

0.1 (− 0.3, 0.6)*

16.5–17.4

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

2012–2015

− 1.7 (− 3.2, − 0.2)

2008–2015

0.7 (0.5, 1.0)

1995–2015

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

 Kidney (C64)

12.4–18.8

2.0 (0.5, 3.6)

6.2–8.6

1.8 (1.2, 2.5)

9.2–13.6

1.9 (1.8, 2.1)

2010–2015

3.8 (2.3, 5.4)

2013–2015

− 0.6 (− 4.2, 3.1)*

1995–2015

1.9 (1.8, 2.1)

 Leukaemia (C91–C95)

13.2–15.1

0.8 (0.4, 1.1)

8.1–9.1

0.5 (0.2, 0.8)

10.6–12.1

0.7 (0.4, 1.1)

2013–2015

2.7 (0.6, 5.0)

2010–2015

− 0.2 (− 1.1, 0.7)*

2013–2015

2.4 (0.5, 4.2)

 Thyroid (C73)

2.9–7.6

5.1 (4.2, 6.0)

8.6–21.7

4.8 (4.5, 5.1)

5.7–14.7

4.9 (4.6, 5.2)

2013–2015

2.9 (− 1.4, 7.4)*

2013–2015

1.0 (− 0.9, 3.0)*

2013–2015

1.7 (0.2, 3.3)

 Corpus uteri and uterus (C54–C55)

16.3–20.8

1.3 (0.9, 1.7)

16.3–20.8

1.3 (0.9, 1.7)

2010–2015

0.9 (0.5, 1.3)

2010–2015

0.9 (0.5, 1.3)

 Unknown primary (C77–C80, C97)

14.8–6.4

− 4.2 (− 4.7, − 3.8)

10.5–4.1

− 4.7 (− 5.2, − 4.2)

12.6–5.2

− 4.3 (− 4.7, − 4.0)

2008–2015

− 3.4 (− 4.0, − 2.9)

2013–2015

− 6.9 (− 9.8, − 4.0)

2008–2015

− 3.7 (− 4.1, − 3.3)

 Pancreas (C25)

8.9–10.7

1.0 (0.4, 1.6)

5.8–8.0

1.5 (1.2, 1.8)

7.3–9.3

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

2012–2015

2.2 (0.6, 3.8)

2007–2015

2.2 (1.6, 2.9)

2001–2015

1.5 (1.4, 1.7)

 Stomach (C16)

12.9–8.8

− 1.9 (− 2.1, − 1.7)

5.3–4.0

− 1.6 (− 1.8, − 1.5)

9.0–6.4

− 1.8 (− 2.0, − 1.6)

2007–2015

− 0.9 (− 1.3, − 0.5)

1995–2015

− 1.6 (− 1.8, − 1.5)

2007–2015

− 1.0 (− 1.4, − 0.7)

 Bladder (C67)

15.2–9.8

− 2.1 (− 2.4, − 1.9)

3.8–2.6

− 1.9 (− 2.9, − 1.0)

9.3–6.1

− 2.0 (− 2.5, − 1.5)

2005–2015

− 0.8 (− 1.1, − 0.5)

2005–2015

− 0.7 (− 1.3, 0.0)*

2004–2015

− 0.8 (− 1.0, − 0.6)

 Brain (C71)

8.4–8.4

0.1 (− 0.6, 0.7)*

5.5–5.1

− 0.3 (− 1.8, 1.2)*

6.9–6.7

− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.2)*

2013–2015

2.1 (− 1.8, 6.1)*

2001–2015

− 0.7 (− 1.1, − 0.3)

2010–2015

− 1.3 (− 2.6, − 0.1)

 Ovary (C56)

13.0–9.5

− 1.5 (− 2.0, − 0.9)

13.0–9.5

− 1.5 (− 2.0, − 0.9)

2013–2015

− 4.5 (− 7.9, − 1.1)

2013–2015

− 4.5 (− 7.9, − 1.1)

 Liver (C22)

4.9–11.6

4.5 (4.3, 4.7)

1.4–3.2

4.5 (4.0, 5.1)

3.1–7.3

4.6 (4.5, 4.7)

2003–2015

5.1 (4.8, 5.3)

2004–2015

3.8 (3.1, 4.4)

1995–2015

4.6 (4.5, 4.7)

 Oesophagus (C15)

7.0–6.9

0.2 (− 0.2, 0.5)*

2.7–2.0

− 1.7 (− 2.8, − 0.5)

4.8–4.4

− 0.4 (− 0.9, 0.2)*

2011–2015

− 1.8 (− 3.2, − 0.4)

2009–2015

− 1.2 (− 2.1, − 0.2)

2009–2015

− 1.4 (− 2.0, − 0.9)

 Cervix (C53)

13.8–8.8

− 1.9 (− 2.2, − 1.7)

13.8–8.8

− 1.9 (− 2.2, − 1.7)

2002–2015

0.5 (0.3, 0.8)

2002–2015

0.5 (0.3, 0.8)

 Testis (C62)

7.6–9.8

1.3 (1.0, 1.6)

7.6–9.8

1.3 (1.0, 1.6)

2012–2015

2.0 (0.4, 3.7)

2012–2015

2.0 (0.4, 3.7)

 Gallbladder and bile duct (C23–C24)

2.6–2.5

− 0.3 (− 1.0, 0.5)*

2.7–2.4

− 0.7 (− 1.5, 0.0)*

2.7–2.5

− 0.5 (− 1.3, 0.2)*

2013–2015

5.3 (− 0.7, 11.8)*

2008–2015

1.6 (0.9, 2.3)

2009–2015

2.2 (1.4, 3.0)

 Other cancers

33.9–41.9

1.2 (0.9, 1.4)

22.8–33.2

1.8 (1.3, 2.4)

28.3–37.5

1.4 (1.0, 1.8)

2009–2015

1.1 (0.7, 1.5)

2009–2015

1.8 (1.3, 2.2)

2013–2015

0.5 (− 1.4, 2.4)*

All cancers aged 0–14 years

16.0–16.7

0.2 (− 0.5, 0.9)*

13.1–15.6

0.9 (0.6, 1.2)

14.6–16.1

0.6 (− 0.1, 1.2)*

2012–2015

− 2.5 (− 4.4, − 0.5)

2009–2015

2.1 (1.5, 2.7)

2012–2015

− 0.5 (− 2.6, 1.5)*

(B) Mortality rate (ranked by the total numbers of deaths observed in 2015)

All cancers aged 0–74 years

151.1–96.3

− 2.2 (− 2.3, − 2.2)

102.6–72.6

− 1.7 (− 1.8, − 1.7)

125.6–84.3

− 2.0 (− 2.0, − 1.9)

2001–2015

− 2.1 (− 2.2, − 2.1)

1999–2015

− 1.6 (− 1.7, − 1.6)

2000–2015

− 1.9 (− 1.9, − 1.9)

Aged 15–74 years

 Lung (C33–C34)

51.5–26.3

− 3.2 (− 3.3, − 3.2)

19.4–18.0

− 0.3 (− 0.6, − 0.1)

34.8–22.1

− 2.2 (− 2.4, − 2.1)

2002–2015

− 2.9 (− 3.0, − 2.8)

2011–2015

− 1.4 (− 2.8, 0.0)*

2011–2015

− 2.3 (− 2.9, − 1.8)

 Colon and rectum (C18–C20, C26.0)

26.8–14.0

− 3.2 (− 3.5, − 3.0)

17.1–9.3

− 3.2 (− 3.4, − 3.0)

21.8–11.6

− 3.2 (− 3.3, − 3.1)

2006–2015

− 3.5 (− 3.7, − 3.3)

1995–2015

− 3.2 (− 3.4, − 3.0)

1995–2015

− 3.2 (− 3.3, − 3.1)

 Breast (C50)

28.6–17.2

− 2.5 (− 2.9, − 2.1)

28.6–17.2

− 2.5 (− 2.9, − 2.1)

2003–2015

− 2.4 (− 2.6, − 2.2)

2003–2015

− 2.4 (− 2.6, − 2.2)

 Unknown primary (C77–C80, C97)

10.9–5.9

− 3.2 (− 4.2, − 2.3)

7.4–4.0

− 3.3 (− 3.9, − 2.6)

9.1–4.9

− 3.2 (− 3.9, − 2.5)

2005–2015

− 5.9 (− 6.4, − 5.4)

2006–2015

− 5.9 (− 6.4, − 5.5)

2005–2015

− 5.7 (− 6.1, − 5.3)

 Pancreas (C25)

8.1–7.9

− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.2)*

5.2–5.5

0.3 (− 0.9, 1.5)*

6.6–6.7

0.1 (0.0, 0.3)*

2007–2015

− 0.8 (− 1.2, − 0.4)

2004–2015

− 0.3 (− 0.7, 0.1)*

2006–2015

− 0.4 (− 0.7, − 0.2)

 Brain (C71)

7.2–6.5

− 0.6 (− 1.3, 0.1)*

4.7–3.9

− 0.9 (− 1.5, − 0.2)

5.9–5.2

− 0.7 (− 1.1, − 0.3)

2005–2015

0.1 (− 0.3, 0.4)*

2006–2015

0.3 (− 0.1, 0.8)*

2006–2015

0.3 (0.0, 0.5)*

 Prostate (C61)

15.3–7.9

− 3.4 (− 3.7, − 3.1)

15.3–7.9

− 3.4 (− 3.7, − 3.1)

2004–2015

− 3.8 (− 4.1, − 3.5)

2004–2015

− 3.8 (− 4.1, − 3.5)

 Melanoma (C43)

6.6–5.0

− 1.1 (− 1.7, − 0.6)

3.2–2.5

− 1.1 (− 2.1, − 0.2)

4.9–3.7

− 1.1 (− 1.5, − 0.7)

2012–2015

− 8.0 (− 11.2, − 4.7)

2008–2015

− 2.6 (− 4.0, − 1.1)

2012–2015

− 6.9 (− 9.6, − 4.0)

 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82–C85)

7.7–4.0

− 3.3 (− 3.7, − 2.9)

5.4–2.1

− 4.6 (− 5.0, − 4.1)

6.5–3.0

− 3.8 (− 4.1, − 3.5)

2007–2015

− 2.6 (− 3.2, − 2.0)

2008–2015

− 2.2 (− 3.0, − 1.4)

2008–2015

− 2.3 (− 2.8, − 1.9)

 Leukaemia (C91–C95)

6.8–4.3

− 2.2 (− 2.5, − 1.9)

3.9–2.8

− 1.5 (− 1.7, − 1.2)

5.3–3.6

− 1.9 (− 2.4, − 1.5)

2001–2015

− 2.6 (− 2.9, − 2.3)

2008–2015

− 0.6 (− 1.0, − 0.1)

2005–2015

− 2.1 (− 2.4, − 1.8)

 Liver (C22)

4.3–7.7

2.6 (2.2, 3.0)

1.7–2.9

3.3 (2.9, 3.6)

3.0–5.3

2.9 (2.6, 3.1)

2010–2015

2.7 (1.9, 3.5)

1995–2015

3.3 (2.9, 3.6)

2003–2015

3.5 (3.3, 3.7)

 Head and neck (C00–C14, C30–C32)

9.0–5.2

− 2.7 (− 3.0, − 2.3)

2.0–1.4

− 1.7 (− 3.0, − 0.4)

5.4–3.3

− 2.5 (− 3.1, − 1.9)

2007–2015

− 1.1 (− 1.8, − 0.4)

2006–2015

0.2 (− 0.7, 1.1)*

2006–2015

− 0.9 (− 1.4, − 0.5)

 Oesophagus (C15)

6.5–5.6

− 0.8 (− 1.4, − 0.2)

2.0–1.3

− 2.1 (− 2.4, − 1.8)

4.2–3.4

− 1.1 (− 1.6, − 0.6)

2004–2015

− 1.5 (− 1.8, − 1.2)

1995–2015

− 2.1 (− 2.4, − 1.8)

2004–2015

− 1.7 (− 2.0, − 1.3)

 Stomach (C16)

7.7–3.8

− 3.5 (− 4.1, − 2.9)

3.3–2.0

− 2.8 (− 3.1, − 2.4)

5.4–2.8

− 3.2 (− 3.9, − 2.5)

2013–2015

− 6.9 (− 11.8, − 1.7)

1995–2015

− 2.8 (− 3.1, − 2.4)

2013–2015

− 5.2 (− 10.6, 0.6)*

 Ovary (C56)

7.7–5.0

− 2.1 (− 2.8, − 1.3)

7.7–5.0

− 2.1 (− 2.8, − 1.3)

2013–2015

− 5.0 (− 9.7, − 0.1)

2013–2015

− 5.0 (− 9.7, − 0.1)

 Kidney (C64)

4.7–3.3

− 1.7 (− 1.9, − 1.5)

2.5–1.3

− 3.2 (− 4.1, − 2.3)

3.6–2.3

− 2.1 (− 2.2, − 2.0)

1995–2015

− 1.7 (− 1.9, − 1.5)

2001–2015

− 3.5 (− 3.8, − 3.1)

1995–2015

− 2.1 (− 2.2, − 2.0)

 Bladder (C67)

3.8–2.1

− 3.2 (− 3.9, − 2.5)

1.2–0.7

− 2.7 (− 3.1, − 2.3)

2.5–1.4

− 3.0 (− 3.7, − 2.4)

2011–2015

− 6.5 (− 9.7, − 3.1)

1995–2015

− 2.7 (− 3.1, − 2.3)

2011–2015

− 5.8 (− 8.9, − 2.7)

 Corpus uteri and uterus (C54–C55)

2.2–2.5

0.6 (− 0.4, 1.7)*

2.2–2.5

0.6 (− 0.4, 1.7)*

2010–2015

4.0 (2.6, 5.4)

2010–2015

4.0 (2.6, 5.4)

 Cervix (C53)

3.8–1.9

− 3.5 (− 4.5, − 2.4)

3.8–1.9

− 3.5 (− 4.5, − 2.4)

2004–2015

− 0.3 (− 0.7, 0.2)*

2004–2015

− 0.3 (− 0.7, 0.2)*

 Gallbladder and bile duct (C23–C24)

1.0–0.5

− 4.0 (− 5.9, − 2.1)

1.5–0.6

− 5.6 (− 6.2, − 5.1)

1.3–0.5

− 4.8 (− 7.1, − 2.5)

2005–2015

− 1.0 (− 2.4, 0.4)*

1995–2015

− 5.6 (− 6.2, − 5.1)

2005–2015

− 3.4 (− 5.0, − 1.7)

 Thyroid (C73)

0.3–0.3

1.0 (− 1.2, 3.4)*

0.3–0.4

0.4 (− 3.8, 4.9)*

0.3–0.3

0.8 (− 1.2, 2.8)*

1997–2015

− 0.5 (− 1.1, 0.1)*

2004–2015

1.3 (− 0.3, 2.8)*

2004–2015

0.5 (− 0.2, 1.1)*

 Testis (C62)

0.4–0.2

− 3.4 (− 4.3, − 2.4)

0.4–0.2

− 3.4 (− 4.3, − 2.4)

2002–2015

− 0.9 (− 2.1, 0.3)*

2002–2015

− 0.9 (− 2.1, 0.3)*

 Other cancers

13.2–12.1

− 0.4 (− 0.8, 0.0)*

7.3–7.0

− 0.2 (− 0.8, 0.4)*

10.1–9.5

− 0.3 (− 0.7, 0.1)*

2005–2015

− 0.3 (− 0.5, 0.0)

2007–2015

− 0.8 (− 1.1, − 0.5)

2004–2015

− 0.2 (− 0.4, − 0.1)

All cancers aged 0–14 years

4.5–2.3

− 3.6 (− 4.5, − 2.7)

3.1–1.6

− 2.9 (− 3.4, − 2.5)

3.8–2.0

− 3.2 (− 3.9, − 2.5)

2007–2015

− 1.0 (− 3.2, 1.2)*

1995–2015

− 2.9 (− 3.4, − 2.5)

2008–2015

− 1.1 (− 3.1, 0.9)*