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Table 2 Dietary intakes of study participants across the tertiles of FQS

From: The association of food quality index with mental health in women: a cross-sectional study

Variable

FQS tertile

P valuea

T1

≤72

(n = 167)

T2

72 < to 84

(n = 160)

T3

≥84

(n = 125)

Energy (kcal/d)

2130.83 ± 38.69

2052.39 ± 39.53

2030.82 ± 43.85

0.182

Protein (g/day)

72.93 ± 1.12

74.59 ± 1.14

79.49 ± 1.27

<0.001

Carbohydrate (g/day)

284.20 ± 2.43

292.34 ± 2.48

289.38 ± 2.75

0.062

Fat (g/day)

77.45 ± 1.05

74.53 ± 1.07

75.72 ± 1.18

0.150

Dietary fiber (g/d)

13.77 ± 0.33

16.76 ± 0.34

24.41 ± 0.37

<0.001

SFA (g/day)

24.30 ± 0.44

22.78 ± 0.45

22.28 ± 0.50

0.006

PUFA (g/day)

16.93 ± 0.39

16.14 ± 0.40

16.47 ± 0.44

0.364

MUFA (g/day)

22.58 ± 0.46

22.06 ± 0.47

22.59 ± 0.52

0.671

Cholesterol (mg/day)

224.00 ± 6.21

216.58 ± 6.33

221.62 ± 7.03

0.697

Folic acid (μg/day)

276.17 ± 5.88

316.94 ± 5.99

372.25 ± 6.65

<0.001

Vitamin A (RAE/day)

1111.42 ± 58.65

1323.85 ± 59.80

1707.16 ± 66.39

<0.001

Thiamine (mg/day)

1.51 ± 0.01

1.52 ± 0.01

1.55 ± 0.02

0.414

Vitamin B6 (mg/day)

1.25 ± 0.026

1.31 ± 0.027

1.45 ± 0.030

<0.001

Vitamin B12 (μg/day)

4.58 ± 0.19

4.59 ± 0.19

4.48 ± 0.22

0.923

Vitamin C (mg/day)

114.74 ± 4.69

141.64 ± 4.78

168.83 ± 5.31

<0.001

Calcium (mg/day)

969.16 ± 21.27

1031.07 ± 21.68

1158.50 ± 24.08

<0.001

Magnesium (mg/day)

241.77 ± 3.53

265.12 ± 3.60

299.07 ± 4.00

<0.001

Potassium (mg/day)

2993.06 ± 54.31

3414.10 ± 55.37

3876.17 ± 61.48

<0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

8.50 ± 0.22

8.79 ± 0.22

9.85 ± 0.25

<0.001

Fe (mg/d)

19.14 ± 1.60

21.71 ± 1.69

24.98 ± 1.68

0.043

Fruit (g/day)

236.61 ± 14.29

319.20 ± 14.57

368.22 ± 16.17

<0.001

Vegetable (g/day)

265.54 ± 13.70

352.59 ± 13.97

461.94 ± 15.51

<0.001

Nuts and legumes (g/day)

40.32 ± 2.77

54.84 ± 2.83

72.65 ± 3.14

<0.001

Whole grains (g/day)

7.56 ± 0.95

8.90 ± 0.97

15.27 ± 1.07

<0.001

Yogurt (g/day)

143.79 ± 8.08

178.68 ± 8.24

183.52 ± 9.15

0.001

coffee (g/day)

25.67 ± 6.05

35.47 ± 6.17

60.62 ± 6.85

0.001

Refined grains (g/day)

332.93 ± 7.75

309.20 ± 7.90

263.68 ± 8.77

<0.001

Red meat (g/day)

46.56 ± 2.62

40.30 ± 2.67

40.10 ± 2.97

0.158

Processed meat (g/day)

11.13 ± 0.64

5.74 ± 0.66

3.62 ± 0.73

<0.001

Desserts and ice cream (g/day)

105.31 ± 3.40

88.63 ± 3.46

68.65 ± 3.84

<0.001

Potato (g/day)

25.78 ± 1.63

24.43 ± 1.66

20.82 ± 1.84

0.124

Potato chips (g/day)

6.14 ± 0.50

4.16 ± 0.51

1.94 ± 0.56

<0.001

Sugar sweetened beverage (g/day)

30.10 ± 3.75

25.58 ± 3.83

15.06 ± 4.25

0.028

Fried food from

outside the home (g/day)

21.91 ± 1.44

13.97 ± 1.46

11.41 ± 1.63

<0.001

  1. Values are mean ± SE. All values are adjusted for energy intake, except for total energy intake
  2. FQS Food Quality Score, SFA saturated fatty acid, PUFA poly unsaturated fatty acid, MUFA mono unsaturated fatty acid, RAE Retinol activity equivalents
  3. aUsing ANCOVA