Table 3 Incidence rates and risk factors of unsuccessful pulmonary TB treatment outcomes in community hospital, 2013–2019
Characteristics | Total population | Unsuccessful | PY of observation | Incidence/100 PY | HR (95% CI) | P-Value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 487 | 58 | 267.68 | 21.67 | ||||
Year treatment initiated | ||||||||
2013 | 14 | 3 | 6.48 | 46.31 | ||||
2014 | 59 | 8 | 30.91 | 25.88 | ||||
2015 | 76 | 10 | 43.11 | 23.19 | ||||
2016 | 93 | 14 | 50.86 | 27.53 | ||||
2017 | 92 | 9 | 54.59 | 16.49 | ||||
2018 | 90 | 9 | 48.87 | 18.42 | ||||
2019 | 63 | 5 | 32.87 | 15.21 | ||||
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 329 | 40 | 183.98 | 21.74 | 1.00 | |||
Female | 158 | 18 | 83.70 | 21.51 | 0.98 (0.56–1.72) | 0.954 | ||
Age | ||||||||
≤ 45 | 176 | 16 | 95.93 | 16.68 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
46–60 | 164 | 17 | 91.00 | 18.68 | 1.10 (0.55–2.18) | 0.788 | 1.01 (0.49–2.09) | 0.972 |
≥ 61 | 147 | 25 | 80.75 | 30.96 | 1.79 (0.95–3.36) | 0.072 | 0.88 (0.42–1.88) | 0.748 |
Occupation | ||||||||
Unemployed | 60 | 15 | 30.01 | 49.97 | 1.99 (0.98–4.04) | 0.055 | 3.12 (1.41–6.86) | 0.005* |
Labor | 315 | 27 | 174.84 | 15.44 | 0.63 (0.34–1.18) | 0.148 | 0.84 (0.41–1.72) | 0.636 |
Others | 112 | 16 | 62.82 | 25.47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
HIV co-infection (n = 488)a | ||||||||
Yes | 25 | 9 | 11.70 | 76.95 | 4.11 (2.02–8.42) | < 0.001 | 2.85 (1.25–6.46) | 0.012* |
No | 461 | 49 | 255.30 | 19.19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
DM (n = 488)a | ||||||||
Yes | 53 | 5 | 30.22 | 16.55 | 0.74 (0.30–1.85) | 0.521 | ||
No | 433 | 53 | 236.78 | 22.38 | 1.00 | |||
COPD (n = 488)a | ||||||||
Yes | 23 | 4 | 14.27 | 28.04 | 1.36 (0.49–3.77) | 0.590 | ||
No | 463 | 54 | 252.73 | 21.37 | 1.00 | |||
Co-existing extrapulmonary TB | ||||||||
Yes | 49 | 7 | 29.40 | 23.81 | 1.06 (0.47–2.36) | 0.888 | ||
No | 438 | 51 | 238.28 | 21.40 | 1.00 | |||
Previous history of TB | ||||||||
Yes | 72 | 19 | 40.27 | 47.180 | 2.79 (1.60–4.84) | < 0.001 | 2.00 (1.04–3.81) | 0.036* |
No | 415 | 39 | 227.41 | 17.15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
History of TB contact | ||||||||
Yes | 136 | 13 | 76.51 | 16.99 | 0.70 (0.38–1.29) | 0.252 | 0.55 (0.29–1.07) | 0.078 |
No | 351 | 45 | 191.17 | 23.54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Case status | ||||||||
New case | 426 | 46 | 231.98 | 19.83 | 1.00 | |||
Relapsed case | 43 | 9 | 23.24 | 38.73 | 2.16 (1.05–4.42) | 0.036 | ||
Retreated case | 18 | 3 | 12.46 | 24.08 | 1.17 (0.36–3.80) | 0.363 | ||
Tobacco use | ||||||||
Yes | 316 | 37 | 174.78 | 21.17 | 0.94 (0.55–1.60) | 0.815 | ||
No | 171 | 21 | 92.90 | 22.60 | 1.00 | |||
Alcohol use | ||||||||
Yes | 322 | 38 | 177.31 | 21.43 | 0.98 (0.57–1.69) | 0.950 | ||
No | 165 | 20 | 90.37 | 22.13 | 1.00 | |||
AST elevation | ||||||||
≥ 3 times | 47 | 17 | 243.28 | 16.86 | 4.17 (2.37–7.35) | < 0.001 | ||
Normal and < 3 times | 440 | 41 | 24.40 | 69.67 | 1.00 | |||
ALT elevation | ||||||||
≥ 3 times | 26 | 10 | 11.20 | 89.33 | 4.63 (2.34–9.17) | < 0.001 | ||
Normal and < 3 times | 471 | 48 | 256.48 | 18.71 | 1.00 | |||
Total bilirubin elevation | ||||||||
≥ 3 mg/dL | 24 | 9 | 15.04 | 59.82 | 3.06 (1.48–6.35) | 0.003 | ||
< 3 mg/dL | 463 | 49 | 252.64 | 19.40 | 1.00 | |||
Hepatotoxicity side effect during treatment | ||||||||
Yes | 52 | 17 | 26.89 | 63.23 | 3.74 (2.12–6.58) | < 0.001 | 1.94 (0.99–3.81) | 0.053 |
No | 435 | 41 | 240.79 | 17.03 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
BCG vaccination | ||||||||
Yes | 409 | 45 | 221.19 | 20.34 | 1.00 | |||
No | 78 | 13 | 46.49 | 27.96 | 1.39 (0.75–2.58) | 0.302 | ||
History of imprisonment | ||||||||
Yes | 80 | 9 | 44.21 | 20.36 | 0.90 (0.44–1.83) | 0.773 | ||
No | 407 | 49 | 223.47 | 21.93 | 1.00 | |||
Sputum AFB at diagnosis | ||||||||
Positive | 346 | 38 | 192.41 | 19.75 | 0.76 (0.43–1.35) | 0.358 | 1.43 (0.73–2.78) | 0.294 |
Not performed | 17 | 3 | 10.06 | 29.83 | 1.21 (0.35–4.16) | 0.763 | 2.18 (0.59–8.08) | 0.243 |
Negative | 124 | 17 | 65.22 | 26.07 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Sputum AFB follow up at the end of intensive phase | ||||||||
Positive | 31 | 7 | 17.55 | 39.88 | 3.97 (1.70–9.27) | 0.001 | 5.66 (2.33–13.74) | < 0.001* |
Not performed | 38 | 27 | 13.69 | 197.20 | 19.78 (11.31–34.59) | < 0.001 | 18.40 (9.85–34.35) | < 0.001* |
Negative | 418 | 24 | 236.44 | 10.15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Chest radiographs findings at diagnosis | ||||||||
Reticulonodular infiltration | ||||||||
Yes | 397 | 49 | 214.64 | 22.83 | 1.39 (0.68–2.84) | 0.364 | ||
No | 90 | 9 | 53.03 | 16.97 | 1.00 | |||
Pleural effusion | ||||||||
Yes | 37 | 5 | 21.41 | 23.35 | 1.11 (0.44–2.78) | 0.827 | ||
No | 450 | 53 | 246.27 | 21.52 | 1.00 | |||
Lung cavity | ||||||||
Yes | 49 | 4 | 29.76 | 13.44 | 0.55 (0.20–1.52) | 0.250 | 0.42 (0.14–1.23) | 0.113 |
No | 438 | 54 | 237.92 | 22.70 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Miliary shadow | ||||||||
Yes | 2 | 0 | 0.98 | 0.00 | – | – | ||
No | 485 | 58 | 266.70 | 21.75 | – | |||