Mental model-based repeated multifaceted (MRM) intervention design: a conceptual framework for improving preventive health behaviors and outcomes

Table 1 Major features and concerns of preventive health behavior-related interventions

Issues	Category	Key feature	Concern/advantage
Approach	Single	Only one treatment	Treatment effect wanes over time
Approach	Multifaceted	Multiple treatments	Persistent treatment effect
Frequency	Single intervention	One round	Treatment effect wanes over time
Frequency	Multiple intervention	Several rounds	Creates more persistent effect
Balance test	Socioeconomic and demographic factors	Income, wealth, age, sex, education	Mental model or cognitive capacity-related factors are mostly absent
Treatment component	Informational	Information-based letter	Less effective
	Educational	Education	Effective but depends on the curriculum
	Training	Hands-on experience	Effective but depends on the type and length of training
	Financial	In cash only	Attractive but ineffective if stopped
	Promotional	In kind or service	Highly effective with other treatments
	Behavioral	Weak or strong norm-based nudging	Highly effective with other financial treatments
	Mixed	Both financial and behavioral	More effective than either financial or behavioral alone
Time dimension	Short-term	Less than one year	Treatment effects wanes over time
	Medium-term	One to five years long	Better than short-term intervention
	Long-term	More than five years	Creates a more persistent effect

We reviewed water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related prevention health education and promotional interventions, (e.g., systematic reviews, empirical evidence) to explore the major features and concerns

ISSN: 1756-0500