Table 2 Univariate analysis for factor associated with uncontrolled hyperlipidemia among T2D patients with clinical ASCVD
Factors | LDL-C level (mg/dL) | Crude Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥ 70 | < 70 | ||||
n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Gender | |||||
Male | 521 (76.1) | 164 (23.9) | 1.0 | ||
Female | 695 (82.5) | 147 (17.5) | 1.5 | 1.2–1.9 | 0.002 |
Age (years) (mean ± S.D.) | 66.5 ± 10.3 | 67.1 ± 10.3 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.0 | 0.392 |
< 60 | 311 (81.2) | 72 (18.8) | 1.0 | ||
60–69 | 427 (79.5) | 110 (20.5) | 0.9 | 0.6–1.3 | 0.527 |
70–79 | 335 (77.7) | 96 (22.3) | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | 0.222 |
≥ 80 | 143 (81.3) | 33 (18.8) | 1.0 | 0.6–1.6 | 0.989 |
Scheme | |||||
Universal healthcare coverage | 960 (80.5) | 233 (19.5) | 1.0 | ||
Civil servant medical benefit | 225 (76.5) | 69 (23.5) | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | 0.133 |
Social security | 24 (72.7) | 9 (27.3) | 0.6 | 0.3–1.4 | 0.274 |
Hospital level | |||||
Standard/advanced hospital | 1168 (79.3) | 305 (20.7) | 1.0 | ||
Community hospital | 48 (88.9) | 6 (11.1) | 2.1 | 0.9–4.9 | 0.092 |
Regions | |||||
North | 289 (78.3) | 80 (21.7) | 1.0 | ||
Central | 461 (79.8) | 117 (20.2) | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | 0.595 |
Northeast | 242 (79.3) | 242 (29.7) | 1.1 | 0.7–1.5 | 0.746 |
South | 224 (81.5) | 224 (18.5) | 1.2 | 0.8–1.8 | 0.329 |
Occupation | |||||
Unemployed | 519 (78.6) | 141 (21.4) | 1.0 | ||
Indoor occupation | 138 (82.6) | 29 (17.4) | 1.3 | 0.8–2.0 | 0.254 |
Outdoor occupation | 517 (79.7) | 132 (20.3) | 1.1 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.648 |
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 25.7 ± 4.6 | 25 ± 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.1 | 0.016 |
< 18.5 | 42 (65.6) | 22 (34.4) | 1.0 | ||
18.5–22.9 | 310 (80.5) | 75 (19.5) | 2.2 | 1.2–3.8 | 0.008 |
23.0–24.9 | 222 (75.5) | 72 (24.5) | 1.6 | 0.9–2.9 | 0.105 |
25.0–29.9 | 412 (81.6) | 93 (18.4) | 2.3 | 1.3–4.1 | 0.003 |
≥ 30.0 | 201 (83.8) | 39 (16.3) | 2.7 | 1.5–5.0 | 0.002 |
Smoking status | |||||
Never | 953 (80.2) | 236 (19.8) | 1.0 | ||
Current smoker | 47 (73.4) | 17 (26.6) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 | 0.195 |
Ex-smoker | 189 (78.4) | 52 (21.6) | 0.9 | 0.6–1.3 | 0.542 |
Alcohol drinking | |||||
Never | 1016 (81.3) | 233 (18.7) | 1.0 | ||
Current drinker | 39 (70.9) | 16 (29.1) | 0.6 | 0.3–1.0 | 0.057 |
Ex-drinker | 121 (71.2) | 49 (28.8) | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 | 0.002 |
Hypertension | |||||
No | 115 (77.7) | 33 (22.3) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 1101 (79.8) | 278 (20.2) | 1.1 | 0.8–1.7 | 0.540 |
Gout | |||||
No | 1106 (80.0) | 276 (20.0) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 110 (75.9) | 35 (24.1) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 | 0.237 |
Diabetic kidney disease | |||||
No | 1057 (79.2) | 277 (20.8) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 159 (82.4) | 34 (17.6) | 1.2 | 0.8–1.8 | 0.311 |
Diabetic retinopathy | |||||
No | 1105 (79.5) | 285 (20.5) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 111 (81.0) | 26 (19.0) | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 | 0.672 |
Biguanides | |||||
No | 411 (81.4) | 94 (18.6) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 805 (78.8) | 217 (21.2) | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | 0.232 |
Sulfonylurea | |||||
No | 581 (78.6) | 158 (21.4) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 635 (80.6) | 153 (19.4) | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 | 0.341 |
Thiazolidinedione | |||||
No | 1061 (78.8) | 286 (21.2) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 155 (86.1) | 25 (13.9) | 1.7 | 1.1–2.6 | 0.023 |
Alpha—glucosidase Inhibitor | |||||
No | 1207 (79.6) | 309 (20.4) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 1.2 | 0.2–5.4 | 0.857 |
DPP—4 Inhibitor | |||||
No | 1194 (79.8) | 302 (20.2) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 22 (71.0) | 9 (29.0) | 0.6 | 0.3–1.4 | 0.230 |
SGLT2 inhibitor | |||||
No | 1215 (79.7) | 310 (20.3) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0.3 | 0.1–4.1 | 0.335 |
Insulin | |||||
No | 905 (79.8) | 229 (20.2) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 311 (79.1) | 82 (20.9) | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 | 0.776 |
Statin | |||||
No | 198 (81.8) | 44 (18.2) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 1018 (79.2) | 267 (20.8) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 | 0.358 |
Fibrates | |||||
No | 1153 (79.6) | 296 (20.4) | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 63 (80.8) | 15 (19.2) | 1.1 | 0.6–1.9 | 0.798 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 148.5 ± 55.9 | 146.9 ± 51.9 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.0 | 0.655 |
HbA1c (%) (mean ± SD) | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.1 | 0.331 |
< 7.0 | 441 (77.5) | 128 (22.5) | 1.0 | ||
7.0–7.9 | 266 (79.4) | 69 (20.6) | 1.1 | 0.8–1.6 | 0.504 |
8.0–8.9 | 191 (83.4) | 38 (16.6) | 1.5 | 1.0–2.2 | 0.064 |
9.0–9.9 | 107 (80.5) | 26 (19.5) | 1.2 | 0.7–1.9 | 0.460 |
≥ 10.0 | 141 (77.9) | 40 (22.1) | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 | 0.911 |
Number of ASCVD | |||||
1 | 1162 (79.6) | 298 (20.4) | 1.0 | ||
≥ 2 | 54 (80.6) | 13 (19.4) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.0 | 0.841 |