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Table 2 Compared parameters at baseline, 6 months (at the end of the program) and 12 months in 13 PLWH with prediabetes

From: Effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention and the role of sleep in people living with HIV and prediabetes: a pilot and feasibility study

Characteristics

baseline

6 months

P value

(baseline and 6 months)

12 months

P value

(baseline and 12 months)

Demographic parameters

Age (years)

52.9 ± 4.8

    

Male gender, number (%)

8(61.5)

    

Family history of diabetes, number (%)

7(53.8)

    

History of smoking, number (%)

4(30.8)

    

History of alcohol drinking, number (%)

8(61.5)

    

Underlying diseases, number (%)

     

 Dyslipidemia

4(30.5)

5(38.5)

0.317

5(38.5)

0.317

 Hypertension

2(15.4)

2(15.4)

1

2(15.4)

1

 NAFLD

1(7.7)

1(7.7)

1

2(15.5)

0.317

HIV-related parameters

Duration of HIV infection (years)

15.3 ± 4.9

    

Type of ART regimen, number (%)

     

 NNRTI-based

8(61.5)

8(61.5)

1

8(61.5)

1

 PI-based

5(38.5)

5(38.5)

1

5(38.5)

1

 Others

0

0

NA

0

NA

 Duration of ART (years)

12.7 ± 5.5

    

CD4 cell counts (cells/mm3)

405.1 ± 157.0

466.6 ± 239.3

0.146

459.8 ± 238.2

0.213

Anthropometric parameters and physical activity

BW (kg)

63.5 ± 13.9

61.9 ± 14.0

0.012

62.0 ± 14.3

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.3 ± 4.3

23.6 ± 4.3

0.014

23.7 ± 4.4

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

131.6 ± 16.2

122.3 ± 15.8

0.025

132.0 ± 16.9

0.901

DBP (mmHg)

82.9 ± 12.6

81.2 ± 9.8

0.531

82.3 ± 10.1

0.859

WC (cm)

85.4 ± 11.7

83.9 ± 12.5

0.110

82.9 ± 12.7

0.014

Neck circumference (cm)

35.1 ± 4.7

35.3 ± 4.4

0.568

34.2 ± 4.6

0.025

Physical activity (MET)

920 (60–2040)

1520 (420–3744)

0.173

840 (130–1060)

0.442

Metabolic parameters

FPG (mg/dL)

102 ± 16.4

96.5 ± 12.1

0.051

100.8 ± 21.7

0.684

2 h-PG (mg/dL)

151.5 ± 49.7

142.9 ± 47.3

0.406

141.1 ± 52

0.377

HbA1c (%)

6.00 ± 0.25

6.03 ± 0.41a

0.676

5.89 ± 0.37

0.103

Matsuda Index

2.53(1.45–5.33)

3.91(2.17–7.77)

0.311b

7.49(1.42–11.85)

0.064b

HOMA-IR

3.72(1.35–10.11)

1.41(1.10–4.44)

0.010b

1.51(0.44–4.10)

0.036b

Insulinogenic Index

0.84(0.39–1.90)

0.51(0.15–0.79)

0.055b

0.52(0.33–1.74)

0.972b

Disposition Index

1.70(0.88–4.26)

1.25(0.70–1.92)

0.152b

2.22 (0.83–5.52)

0.311b

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

208.4 ± 41.2

216.5 ± 48.7

0.420

208.8 ± 52.9

0.965

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

48.2 ± 11.4

52.5 ± 15.6

0.105

51.2 ± 17.1

0.258

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

130.5 ± 40.4

134.2 ± 44.6

0.682

134.0 ± 45.7

0.679

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

179.2 ± 145.6

166.1 ± 95.3

0.684

135.8 ± 60.9

0.274

Sleep parameters

PSQI

4.31 ± 2.98

3.08 ± 1.85

0.151

NA

NA

Sleep efficiency (%)

83.34 ± 7.50

86.50 ± 5.73

0.048

NA

NA

Sleep duration (min)

351.86 ± 44.37

363.85 ± 53.01

0.244

NA

NA

SD sleep duration (min)

54.30 ± 23.62

47.99 ± 20.31

0.546

NA

NA

SD MSTc

0:26 ± 0:13

0:34 ± 0:26

0.167

NA

NA

Quality of life

     

 EQ-5D-5L

0.977 ± 0.033

0.994 ± 0.014

0.143

0.945 ± 0.064

0.116

 VAS

81.08 ± 11.98

91.15 ± 9.61

0.012

83.46 ± 8.26

0.417

  1. Data was presented as mean ± SD or IQR; a, n = 12; b, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test; c, time presented as 24-h clock time
  2. PLWH people living with HIV, BW body weight, BMI body mass index, NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ART antiretroviral therapy, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI protease inhibitor, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, WC waist circumference, MET Metabolic Equivalents, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2 h-PG 2-h plasma glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SD standard deviation, MST mid-sleep time, EQ-5D-5L the European Quality of Life Measure-5 Domain-5-Level, VAS visual analog scale
  3. an = 12
  4. bWilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
  5. cTime presented as 24-h clock time