Characteristics | baseline | 6Â months | P value (baseline and 6Â months) | 12Â months | P value (baseline and 12Â months) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic parameters | |||||
Age (years) | 52.9 ± 4.8 |  |  |  |  |
Male gender, number (%) | 8(61.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Family history of diabetes, number (%) | 7(53.8) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
History of smoking, number (%) | 4(30.8) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
History of alcohol drinking, number (%) | 8(61.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Underlying diseases, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Dyslipidemia | 4(30.5) | 5(38.5) | 0.317 | 5(38.5) | 0.317 |
 Hypertension | 2(15.4) | 2(15.4) | 1 | 2(15.4) | 1 |
 NAFLD | 1(7.7) | 1(7.7) | 1 | 2(15.5) | 0.317 |
HIV-related parameters | |||||
Duration of HIV infection (years) | 15.3 ± 4.9 |  |  |  |  |
Type of ART regimen, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 NNRTI-based | 8(61.5) | 8(61.5) | 1 | 8(61.5) | 1 |
 PI-based | 5(38.5) | 5(38.5) | 1 | 5(38.5) | 1 |
 Others | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
 Duration of ART (years) | 12.7 ± 5.5 |  |  |  |  |
CD4 cell counts (cells/mm3) | 405.1 ± 157.0 | 466.6 ± 239.3 | 0.146 | 459.8 ± 238.2 | 0.213 |
Anthropometric parameters and physical activity | |||||
BW (kg) | 63.5 ± 13.9 | 61.9 ± 14.0 | 0.012 | 62.0 ± 14.3 |  < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 23.6 ± 4.3 | 0.014 | 23.7 ± 4.4 |  < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 131.6 ± 16.2 | 122.3 ± 15.8 | 0.025 | 132.0 ± 16.9 | 0.901 |
DBP (mmHg) | 82.9 ± 12.6 | 81.2 ± 9.8 | 0.531 | 82.3 ± 10.1 | 0.859 |
WC (cm) | 85.4 ± 11.7 | 83.9 ± 12.5 | 0.110 | 82.9 ± 12.7 | 0.014 |
Neck circumference (cm) | 35.1 ± 4.7 | 35.3 ± 4.4 | 0.568 | 34.2 ± 4.6 | 0.025 |
Physical activity (MET) | 920 (60–2040) | 1520 (420–3744) | 0.173 | 840 (130–1060) | 0.442 |
Metabolic parameters | |||||
FPG (mg/dL) | 102 ± 16.4 | 96.5 ± 12.1 | 0.051 | 100.8 ± 21.7 | 0.684 |
2 h-PG (mg/dL) | 151.5 ± 49.7 | 142.9 ± 47.3 | 0.406 | 141.1 ± 52 | 0.377 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.00 ± 0.25 | 6.03 ± 0.41a | 0.676 | 5.89 ± 0.37 | 0.103 |
Matsuda Index | 2.53(1.45–5.33) | 3.91(2.17–7.77) | 0.311b | 7.49(1.42–11.85) | 0.064b |
HOMA-IR | 3.72(1.35–10.11) | 1.41(1.10–4.44) | 0.010b | 1.51(0.44–4.10) | 0.036b |
Insulinogenic Index | 0.84(0.39–1.90) | 0.51(0.15–0.79) | 0.055b | 0.52(0.33–1.74) | 0.972b |
Disposition Index | 1.70(0.88–4.26) | 1.25(0.70–1.92) | 0.152b | 2.22 (0.83–5.52) | 0.311b |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 208.4 ± 41.2 | 216.5 ± 48.7 | 0.420 | 208.8 ± 52.9 | 0.965 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.2 ± 11.4 | 52.5 ± 15.6 | 0.105 | 51.2 ± 17.1 | 0.258 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 130.5 ± 40.4 | 134.2 ± 44.6 | 0.682 | 134.0 ± 45.7 | 0.679 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 179.2 ± 145.6 | 166.1 ± 95.3 | 0.684 | 135.8 ± 60.9 | 0.274 |
Sleep parameters | |||||
PSQI | 4.31 ± 2.98 | 3.08 ± 1.85 | 0.151 | NA | NA |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 83.34 ± 7.50 | 86.50 ± 5.73 | 0.048 | NA | NA |
Sleep duration (min) | 351.86 ± 44.37 | 363.85 ± 53.01 | 0.244 | NA | NA |
SD sleep duration (min) | 54.30 ± 23.62 | 47.99 ± 20.31 | 0.546 | NA | NA |
SD MSTc | 0:26 ± 0:13 | 0:34 ± 0:26 | 0.167 | NA | NA |
Quality of life | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 EQ-5D-5L | 0.977 ± 0.033 | 0.994 ± 0.014 | 0.143 | 0.945 ± 0.064 | 0.116 |
 VAS | 81.08 ± 11.98 | 91.15 ± 9.61 | 0.012 | 83.46 ± 8.26 | 0.417 |